重庆缙云山典型林分的林地土壤抗蚀抗冲性能

 为给三峡库区水土保持型植被建设提供一定依据,采用水浸实验和放水冲刷实验,对三峡库区重庆缙云山4种典型林分（针阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林、楠竹林和灌木林）林地土壤的抗蚀抗冲特征进行研究。结果表明:林地土壤抗蚀指数为农地土壤的1.3～1.9倍。各林分林地土壤抗蚀指数的顺序为灌木林最大（78.4）,其次为混交林（63.1）和楠竹林（63.3）,阔叶林最小（53.3）。抗蚀指数随着土层的增加而减弱。不同林分的抗蚀指数与时间的动态模拟关系为二次幂函数曲线,相关系数0.9以上。林地土壤抗蚀指数与其相关因子非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、稳渗率、有机质含量关系最密切。林地土壤抗冲系数为常绿阔叶林最大（2.719）,其次为针阔混交林（2.431）和灌木林（2.024）,楠竹林地土壤抗冲系数最小（1.096）。除楠竹林外,各林分林地土壤抗冲系数大于农地（1.21.9倍）。林地土壤抗冲系数与土层厚度关系最密切。

Soil erosion resistance of typical forests in Jinyun mountain in Chongqing city

For the vegetation construction of soil and water conservation in Three Gorges Resevior,the forest soil erosion resistance of 4 typical forests(mixed wood,broadleaf forest,bamboo forest and shrub forest)in Jinyun mountain in Chongqing city were studied.Under the experiment of water dipping and scourry,the result shows that,the forest soil erosion resistance indexes is 1.31.9 times as farmland,and the order is that shrub forest(78.4) is maximum,mixed wood(63.1) and bamboo(63.3) are secondary,the minimum is broadleaf forest(53.3).The soil erosion resistance index is weekened with the soil layer deepening.The analog equation between soil erosion resistance index and time is quadratic power function curve,whose correlation coefficient is above 0.9.The soil erosion resistance indexes have very close relations with non-capillary porosity,soil capillary porosity,final infiltration rate,the content of organic matter.The order of soil erosion resistance coefficient is that the maximal is broadleaf forest(2.719),mixed wood(2.431),and shrub forest(2.024) are secondary,and the minimal is bamboo forest(1.096).Except bamboo forest soil,anti-scour(resistance) coefficients of other forest are more than that of farmland(1.2－1.9times),and the anti-scour(resistance)(coefficients) has a closest relation with the thickness of soil layer.