基于GIS的小麦-豌豆间作对麦长管蚜种群空间格局的影响

 【目的】通过系统调查小麦-豌豆不同间作模式下麦长管蚜的种群密度,研究麦田生物多样性对麦长管蚜空间分布格局的影响。【方法】利用地理信息系统方法,结合传统空间分布分析方法,分析了Kriging-空间插值图、聚集度指标、Iwao的M *-m回归模型和泰勒指数回归模型。【结果】2种分析方法均表明：在麦田不同间作模式下,麦长管蚜的空间分布主要为聚集分布;但豌豆与小麦分别以2﹕2、2﹕4、2﹕6、2﹕8行间作模式情况下聚集度有所差异：2﹕2模式＞2﹕6模式＞2﹕4模式＞小麦单作＞2﹕8模式;由基于GIS的Kriging空间插值种群变化模拟图得知：起初麦长管蚜主要分布在麦田的周围,逐步向麦田中部扩散;在麦长管蚜发生的高峰期,形成了许多聚集中心,主要集中在小麦单作和2﹕2模式小区中,且小麦单作的蚜量极显著高于其它间作模式（P＜0.01）。【结论】麦田合理生物多样性可以有效控制麦长管蚜种群的增长,但并不能改变其种群格局的变化趋势。

Effect of Intercropping Between Wheat and Pea on Spatial Distribution of Sitobion avenae Based on GIS

Objective] In order to research the effect ofbiodiversity on spatial distribution ofSitobion avenae in wheat, the population density of S. avenae was investigated in wheat fields in Langfang Experimental Station of Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, using wheat intercropped with pea by different patterns, and the field cultivar monoculture of wheat was planted as control. Method] Using the Geographical Information System (GIS) and the traditional analysis methods of spatial distribution, the Kriging-interpolation figures, aggregation indices, Iwao and Taylor's regression models were analyzed. Result] The results showed that the spatial distribution of S. avenae was mainly aggregation distribution in intercropping patterns of wheat and pea, by the planting row of pea : wheat in 2 : 2, 2 : 4, 2 : 6, 2 : 8 and wheat monoculture, but the degrees of aggregation were different, 2 : 2 pattern > 2 : 6 pattern > 2 : 4 pattern > wheat monoculture > 2 : 8 pattern. Kriging-interpolation figures indicated that wheat aphids distributed mainly around the field during early stage, and spreaded to the middle of field gradually. There were many aggregation centers mostly at wheat monoculture and 2 : 2 patterns plots during aphid peak period. Compared with each intercropping field, there were higher population densities of aphid in field cultivar monocultures at the level of P<0.01. Conclusion] Although the reasonable biodiversity in wheat fields could control the population of wheat aphid effectively, but the spatial distribution did not change.