北京市设施蔬菜园区轻简化生产现状分析

采用现场访问和填写问卷的方式，随机选取北京市设施蔬菜种植面积较大的5 个区中20 家园区，调研蔬菜生产现状及轻简化技术（设备）应用需求。结果表明，北京市设施蔬菜园区工人年龄＞ 50 岁的平均占比为78.3%，老龄化趋势明显；工人工资为每人每天80～120 元的有14 家，占比为70%，劳动力成本较高；施肥量和灌水量95% 以上凭经验确定，水肥管理粗放；园区轻简化指数介于0.31～0.57 之间，区域轻简化指数均＜ 0.5，对轻简化技术和设备的需求率较高。建议北京市设施蔬菜生产走轻简化发展的道路，改传统南北向栽培为东西向栽培，采用小型起垄开沟机替代人工起垄，发展滴灌施肥、配套施用液体肥料等轻简高效生产技术，推动城郊蔬菜产业转型升级。

Current Situation Analysis of Light and Simplified Production in Greenhouse Vegetable Gardens in Beijing

Taking on-site visit and questionnaire method，this paper randomly selected 20 gardens in 5districts with large areas of vegetable facilities in Beijing；and investigated the current situation of vegetableproduction，and requirement for light and simplified technology/equipments．The results showed that theaverage age of workers ＞ 50 years in the vegetable gardens in Beijing took 78.3%．The aging tendency wasobvious．There are 14 gardens，where the workers got 80-120 yuan wage per person per day，accounted for70%，indicating the high labor cost．Over 95% of fertilizer and irrigation quantities were controlled by farmerexperience．The management on water and fertilizer was extensive．The light and simplified index was 0.31-0.57，and that of regional figour was all ＜ 0.5．Demand rate for light and simplified technology and equipmentswas higher．The paper suggests that Beijing takes the simplifying development road for facility vegetableproduction；changing the traditional north-south cultivation direction into east-west direction；adopting smallmachine to instead artificial ridges；developing drip irrigation and applying liquid fertilizer，etc. simplebut high efficient technology；so as to push forward the transformation and upgrading of suburb vegetableindustry．