2020年山东省泰沂山区苹果春季冻害调研报告

调查了2020年4月份3次大风降温天气对山东泰沂山区苹果主产县的影响情况。结果表明,4月5日低温冻害明显,9~12日低温冻害不明显,20~23日低温使个别地区冻害程度加剧;4月5日5~7时局部地区气温降至-6.1℃,沂水和沂源的苹果冻害严重,蒙阴稍轻,泰安、新泰和肥城基本未发生冻害;低洼地、近水地果树冻害明显高于山坡地;枝条、叶片、花瓣冻害较轻,雄蕊花药、花丝和雌蕊子房冻害较重,中心花较重边花较轻,均以子房受冻明显。在发生冻害的区域,富士品种受冻害严重,金冠、嘎拉受冻害较轻;受冻害程度晚熟品种>中熟品种>早熟品种,普通型品种>短枝型品种。

Investigation report on apple freeze injury in spring in Taiyi mountain area of Shandong Province in 2020

The influence of lower temperature on April 2020 on the main apple producing counties in Taiyi mountain area of Shandong Province was investigated.The results showed that the cold weather on April 5 caused obvious frost damage,and the cold weather on April 12 had no effect and the cold weather on April 20~23 aggravated the degree of frost damage in some areas.On April 5,the temperature dropped to-6.1℃ at 5:00~7:00 a.m.in Yuezhuang,Yiyuan country.The apple freeze damage was serious in Yishui and Yiyuan,slight in Mengyin,while undiscovered in Taian,Xintai and Feicheng.The freeze damage of low-lying land and near water land was obviously higher than that of hillside land.The freeze damage of same orchard was more serious in low-lying area.The freeze damage of branches,leaves and petals was slight,while that of anther,filament and pistil ovary was serious;the freeze damage degree of the central flower was heavier than that of the border flower,and the ovary was seriously frozen in both the central flower and the border flower.In the area of freeze injury,Fuji strain was the most seriously frozen,followed by Golden Delicious and Gala,etc..The trend of freeze injury was late maturing varieties>medium maturing varieties>early maturing varieties,the common type>the short branch type.