不同年代小麦品种小花发育模式及结实特性的差异

为了探讨增加冬小麦穗粒数的途径,以当前主推品种矮抗58、豫农949和20世纪80年代推广品种百泉41、郑引1号为供试材料,研究了不同年代小麦品种在小花发育动态模式与结实性上的差异.结果表明,不同年代主推品种小花的分化动态均符合二次曲线模式,小花的退化、败育动态模式均符合一次方程模式,但不同年代冬小麦品种在方程参数上有明显差异.当前主推的冬、春性小麦品种的小花分化速率、退化速率均显著快于早期推广品种,但可孕花败育速率低于早期品种.从成熟期考种结果来看,当前主推品种的小穗结实率、可孕小花结实率高于早期品种,而小花结实率则低于早期品种.

Models of Floret Development and Characteristics of Grain Seedset in Wheat Cultivars of Different Years

The dynamic models and characteristics of floret development and grain seedset in wheat cultivars of different years were studied in the Experiment Station of Henan Agricultural University. The development of floret initiation in major varieties of different years showed quadratic curve, floret degeneration and infertility showed the linear decrease with the growing degree days (GDD) after sowing, but the wheat cultivars of different years were different in the parameters of the equations. The floret differentiation rate and the degeneration rate of modern winter and spring wheat varieties were faster than that of old varieties, but the infertility rate was lower than that of old varieties. The genotypic difference was also observed that the spikelet set ratio and the grain/fertile floret ratio of modern varieties were higher than that of old varieties, but the grain/floret ratio was lower than that of old varieties. This clearly indicated that increasing the grain number should be paid attention to the cultivation regulation at the later stage of floret development.