秸秆还田与施氮量对小麦产量和品质及赤霉病发生的影响

为给秸秆还田的推广应用及合理施氮提供依据,于2008-2012年以皖麦52为材料,利用连续定位试验,研究了秸秆还田和施氮量对小麦籽粒产量、品质及赤霉病发生的影响.结果表明,增施氮肥可提高小麦产量,而秸秆还田对小麦产量的影响不显著.秸秆还田后小麦旗叶Fv/Fm和NPQ得到提高；不同施氮量间荧光参数差异极显著,其中(Fm'-F)/Fm'和qP随施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,而Fv/Fm和NPQ的变化规律不明显；秸秆还田引起小麦籽粒容重、蛋白质含量、淀粉含量、沉降值和硬度下降；增施氮肥除降低籽粒容重外,使其他品质指标均得到不同程度的提高.秸秆还田提高了赤霉病病穗率和病情指数；随施氮量的增加,赤霉病病穗率和病情指数均呈递增趋势.

Effects of Straw returning and N fertilizer Application on Yield, Quality and Occurrence of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat

To clarify the influences of straw returning and nitrogen application amount on yield, quality and the occurrence of wheat scab, a continuous location test with wanmai 52 as material was carried out during 2008-2012.The results indicated that straw returning and nitrogen application all could increase the grain yield, however, there was no difference in yield between straw returning and non straw returning; Fv/Fm and NPQ were enhanced under straw returning, and there were significant effects on fluorescence parameters among different amounts of N fertilizer application amount; no significant difference were observed although all quality traits decreased under the condition of straw returning; With the increasing of nitrogen application amount, the protein contents, starch contents, SDS sedimentation values and grain hardness increased, while the grain bulk density reduced. The diseased panicle rate and the disease index of wheat scab all increased with the nitrogen application amount, but no significant difference was found between straw returning and non straw returning although the referred traits were higher than that of non straw returning.