不同水氮处理对小麦耗水特性及产量的影响

为给小麦高产节水栽培提供理论依据,以百农矮抗58为材料,在大田条件下设置3个灌水水平[不灌水(W0),灌1水(W1,拔节水),灌2水(W2,拔节和开花水)]和5个施氮水平[0kg·hm-2(N0)、90kg·hm-2(N1)、180kg·hm-2(N2)、240kg·hm-2(N3)、300kg·hm-2(N4)],研究水氮处理对冬小麦耗水特性及产量的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,小麦总耗水量和土壤贮水消耗量先增加后降低,以N3处理最高,各种水分利用效率也表现出相似趋势。随灌水次数的增加,总耗水量、土壤水利用效率和降水利用效率均提高,而水分利用效率和灌水利用效率则相反。阶段耗水量均随灌水次数增加而提高,施氮对阶段耗水量的影响因灌水不同而异,其中,N2和N3处理在拔节至开花期的耗水量较高,而在开花至成熟期则较低。籽粒产量随施氮量增加呈先升后降趋势,随灌水次数增加则持续提高。综合考虑产量和生产成本,W1N3处理为本试验条件下节水高产的水氮运筹推荐模式。

Effects of Different Irrigation and Nitrogen Treatments on Water Consumption Characteristics and Grain Yield in Wheat

In order to provide theoretical basis for water saving and high yield of wheat, the field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different irrigation and nitrogen treatments on water consumption characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat. Three treatments of irrigation (W0, no irrigation; W1, irrigation once at jointing stage; W2, irrigation twice at jointing and anthesis stages) with irrigation amount 75 mm each time, and five N fertilizer rate (0 kg·hm^-2, N0; 90 kg·hm^-2, N1; 180 kg·hm^-2, N2; 240 kg·hm^-2, N3; 300 kg·hm^-2, N4 ) were designed with winter wheat Bainongaikang58. The result indicated that with the increase of N fertilizer rate, the total water consumption and soil water consumption increased at first and then reduced with the highest value in N3 treatment, and all water use efficiency had the similar trend. The total water consumption, soil water use efficiency and precipitation use efficiency increased with the increase of irrigation times, but yield water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were in the contrary.The stage water consumption enhanced with irrigation times, and the effect of N fertilizer rate on stage water consumption was different due to irrigation condition. The water consumption of the N2 and N3 treatment were relatively higher during jointing to anthesis stage, and lower during anthesis to maturity stage. The grain yield increased at first and then decreased with the increase of N fertilizer rate, and the yield of treatments of N fertilizer were significantly higher than that of N0 treatment with the highest in N3 treatment. With the increase of irrigation times, the grain yield enhanced persistently. The treatment of W2N3 reached the highest grain yield, and in consideration of the production cost, W1N3 could be the water saving and high yield water and nitrogen management mode in the production practice.