冬小麦雪腐病苗期抗病性鉴定方法及抗病种质资源筛选

为了筛选冬小麦雪腐病人工接种抗病性鉴定方法及抗病种质资源,采用正交试验设计,比较了喷雾法、涂抹法和灌根法对冬小麦雪腐病苗期抗病性的鉴定效果以及不同材料的抗病性.结果表明,三种方法比较,采用喷雾法,于冬小麦1叶期,以浓度为105个孢子·mL-1进行接种,为冬小麦雪腐病苗期抗病性鉴定最适宜的方法.利用该鉴定方法以及9株雪腐病菌对8份冬小麦材料进行了抗病性鉴定,发现供试材料间以及同一材料对不同菌株间的抗病性均存在差异.8份冬小麦材料中,冬麦1号抗病性最强,对菌株Gn-rh2免疫,对其他8个菌株均表现为抗病；抗病性最弱的为东农冬麦377;其他品系的抗病性介于两者之间.9个菌株的致病力也存在差异,菌株Gn-rh4毒力最强,Gn-rh2毒力最弱.

Artificial Inoculation Method of Gerlachia nivalis and Screening of Resistant Germplasm Resources in Winter Wheat

In recent years,snow mold (Gerlachia nivalis) occurred successively in Heilongjiang province,which caused seedlings decay and death after winter wheat just turned green,snow mold was one of the important diseases endangering winter wheat production.In order to clear and definite artificial inoculation technology for the resistance of winter wheat to Gerlachia nivalis and identification of resistant germplasm resources,the identification technology for the resistance of winter wheat to Gerlachia nivalis at seedling stage was studied with orthogonal experimental design.The optimal identification method of winter wheat resistance to Gerlachia nivalis was that the seedlings were sprayed by 10⁵ spores·mL^-1 at one leaf age.Use this identification method,the resistance of 8 winter wheat was identified with 9 strains of Gerlachia nivalis.The results showed that there resistance were difference among cultivars and the virulence of strains.For the 8 winter wheat,the resistance of Dongmai1 was the strongest,immune to strain Gn rh2 and resistant to the other 8 strains; the resistance of Dongnongdongmai 377 is the weakest.The virulence of the 9 strains also existed differences,the virulence of strain Gn rh4 was the strongest and that of strains Gn rh2 was the weakest.