不同生育期亏缺灌溉对酿酒葡萄生长及耗水特性的影响

为了探究不同生育期亏水对酿酒葡萄生长、耗水特性、水分利用效率及产量的影响,在武威市进行了不同生育期亏水滴灌试验,分析了不同生育期亏水对酿酒葡萄横径、纵径、耗水规律、产量、水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,酿酒葡萄横、纵径的生长总体表现为先快速,后缓慢,再由快速至稳定的趋势,浆果膨大期亏水对于葡萄横、纵径生长不利;浆果快速膨大初期葡萄横、纵径膨大速率均与产量、水分生产效率以及灌溉水利用效率极显著正相关;浆果膨大期、着色成熟期亏水显著降低酿酒葡萄的耗水强度;浆果膨大期耗水模系数占到50%以上,该阶段水分亏缺会导致葡萄产量的减少,通过试验发现减产幅度达30.2%,是酿酒葡萄需水临界期;新梢生长期适度水分亏缺有利于增产,在试验条件下,增产率为10.1%。因此,果实膨大期水分亏缺对葡萄的产量不利,在新梢生长期可适度亏水,以实现酿酒葡萄高产和高效的生产目的。

Impact of Water Deficits in Different Growing Stages on Growth and Water Consumption of Grape

This paper investigated experimentally the impact of water deficit in different growing stages on water consumption and growth of wine grape.The experiment was conducted at Wuwei under drip irrigation,and during the experiment,the grain diameter,yield,and water use efficiency were measured.The results revealed that the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the grapes showed a fast increase first,following by slow increase,and fast increase again before becoming stabilized.Occurrence of water deficit in fruit enlargement stage could seriously deteriorate growth of the grapes in both transverse and longitudinal directions.The increase in the grain size,together with the yield,are positively related to water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency.Depending on growing stages,water deficitsconsiderably reduced water consumption.The water consumption in fruit enlargement period accounted for more than 50％ of the overall water consumption,and occurrence of a water deficit in this stage could result in 30.2％ of reduction in yield.Therefore,avoiding water insufficiency at fruit enlargement stage is critical.It was also found that making water deficit at shoot-growingstage could increase yield by 10.1％ in the experiments.It was advisable that keeping sufficient water in fruit enlargement period with a compensation by reducing water supply at new shoot growing stage could increase water use efficiency.