综合灌溉用水效率研究——以河北省成安县为例

灌溉用水效率评价是提高灌溉水资源利用效率的基础。为克服传统的灌溉用水效率评价将相对评价和绝对评价分离的缺点,基于农户的灌溉用水生产技术效率(灌溉用水技术效率)和水分生产率,兹提出了综合灌溉用水效率的概念。以河北省成安县为例,基于问卷调查数据,测算了农户的灌溉用水技术效率和水分生产率,分析了农户的综合灌溉用水效率和节水潜力,并基于Tobit模型研究了影响农户灌溉用水效率的因素。结果表明,农户的平均灌溉用水技术效率为68.36%,平均作物水分生产率为1.38 kg/m3,综合灌溉用水效率为0.62。农户的年龄、文化程度、灌溉电价、农户的主要收入来源都对灌溉用水效率有显著的影响。

Integrative Irrigation Efficiency: Taking Chengan County in Hebei Province as An Example

Improving irrigation efficiency is essential to water resources management,and its evaluation traditionally treated relative evaluation and absolute evaluation separately.This paper proposedanintegrative irrigation efficiency (IIE) based on irrigation technical efficiency (ITE) and water use efficiency (WUE).The ITE,WUE and IIE of individual farmers were calculated using household survey data obtained from Chengan County in Hebei Province,from which we analyzed the Farmers' water saving potential for irrigation.Factors that impact the farmers' ITE were also studied using the Tobit model.Results showed that the average ITE,WUE and IIE of the farmers were 68.36％,1.38 kg/m3 and 0.62 respectively.The ITE of farmers depends largely on their age,education and incomes,as well as the costs of electricity for irrigation.