河北省谷子单产水平变化与成因分析

以1949-2010年河北省谷子、小麦、玉米单产数据和2002年-2009年河北省138个县的谷子、小麦、玉米单产与面积数据为基础,比较分析了谷子单产的时空变化及与小麦、玉米单产的差距。结果表明,从时序上看,河北省谷子单产随着时间的变化有一定的增长趋势,但增速减缓,与小麦、玉米单产相比差距越来越大。从空间看,2002-2009年各县的谷子单产总体呈增长态势,差异比较显著。单产较高的县主要分布在山前平原和低平原区,燕山山区和坝上高原区单产较低。谷子单产水平较低的主要原因是随着时间的变化谷子由主粮作物变为了调剂粮食作物,播种区域逐步被挤压到丘陵旱地区域,农田基础设施建设薄弱,科技进步水平低、病虫草鸟危害严重等。提高谷子单产水平应加强谷子生产条件的改善,提高谷子科技水平和深加工水平,大力引导小米消费,研制适宜各类消费人群的产品。

Analysis on the Change of Millet Yield Per Unit Area and Causes in Hebei Province

Based on the data of yields per unit area of millet, wheat and corn from 1949to 2010in Hebei Province and the data of yields per unit area and areas of millet, wheat and corn in 138countries in Hebei Province, the paper compares the difference between the temporal and spatial variation of millet yield per unit area and yields per unit area of wheat and corn. The results show that the millet yield per unit area increases over time, but the rate slows down and compared with that of wheat and corn the difference is becoming larger and larger. From spatial viewpoint, the millet yield per unit area of every country in Hebei has a growth trend from 2000to 2009and the difference is comparatively significant. The countries with higher yield per unit area mainly distribute in piedmount plains and low plains, while the yield per unit area is lower in Yanshan Mountains and Bashang Plateau. The lower yield of millet is mainly due to millet has become secondary food crops from staple food crops over time, the planting areas are being gradually squeezed to arid hills, agricultural infrastructure is weak, the level of scientific and technological progress is low, and harm from diseases, pests, destructive birds and weeds is serious. Therefore, in order to increase the millet yield,the millet production conditions should be improved, the technological and processing level should be enhanced, millet consumption should be guided strongly and products suitable for various consumer groups should be developed.