减氮配施中微量元素肥对冬瓜产量和品质的影响

以铁柱冬瓜为试验材料，采用随机区组田间小区试验，设置CK(不施氮肥)、T1(习惯施肥)、T2(习惯施肥基础上减氮30%)、T3(减氮30%+配施硼钼肥)、T4(减氮30%+配施钙镁肥)和T5(减氮30%+配施钙镁硼钼肥)6种处理，在广东佛山市三水区连续开展两年田间试验，旨在探究减氮配施中微量元素肥对冬瓜产量及品质的影响。结果表明，与T1相比，T2的冬瓜产量下降了8.76%，但未达到显著水平；与T2相比，T4和T5处理显著增加冬瓜产量，分别提高了21.3%和32.2%，且T5处理下的冬瓜产量超过了T1；品质结果显示，T5处理提高了50.0%的VC含量，且与T1相比降低了34.2%亚硝酸盐含量；减施30%氮肥基础上配施钙镁肥的土壤pH显著提高，配施硼钼肥的土壤B含量得到显著提高，配施中微量肥处理的冬瓜植株中Ca和Mo含量较T2均有所提高。综上所述，在华南热带地区冬瓜种植过程中，减氮配施中微肥可保证冬瓜品质和产量，其中中微量肥配施处理的效果最好。上述结果为广东地区露地蔬菜化肥氮的科学减施提供了科学依据。

Effects of Combined Application of Medium and Trace Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Wax Gourd

A randomized block field plot experiment was conducted using iron column wax gourd, and treated with six treatments comprise of CK (no nitrogen (N) fertilizer, T1), 100% N (conventional fertilization control, T2), 70%N (N fertilizer reduced by 30% on the basis of traditional fertilization, T3), 70%N+B/Mo (boron molybdenum fertilizer combined with N fertilizer reduced by 30%, T4), 70%N+Ca/Mg (calcium magnesium fertilizer combined with N fertilizer reduced by 30%, T5), and 70%N+Ca/Mg/B/Mo (calcium, magnesium, boron, and molybdenum fertilizer combined with N fertilizer reduced by 30%, T6), which was carried out in Sanshui District of Foshan, Guangdong Province for two consecutive years. The purpose of our study is to explore the effects of N reduction on the yield and quality of wax gourd, whether the combined application of medium and micro fertilizers has a synergistic effect on the above effects caused by N reduction, and analyze its efficiency mechanism. The yield of wax gourd decreased by 8.76% in T3 in comparison to T2, but it was not a significant decreased. T5 and T6 treatments obviously increased the yield of wax gourd by 21.3% and 32.2%, respectively, and the yield of wax gourd was higher in T6 treatment than T2. The results of wax gourd quality showed that T6 treatment increased the VC content by 50.0%, while decreased the N content by 34.2% in relative to T2. On the basis of reducing the application of 30% N fertilizer, the soil pH was remarkably enhanced after application Ca and Mg fertilizer, B and Mo fertilizer supply significantly increased the soil B content, and the contents of Ca and Mo in wax gourd treated with medium and trace fertilizer were higher than T3. Taken together, in the process of planting wax gourd in tropical South China, reducing of N and applying medium and trace fertilizer can ensure the quality and yield of wax gourd. Among them, the effect of medium and micro treatment is the best.The information in this study will provide a scientific basis for the scientific reduction of chemical fertilizer for outdoor vegetables in Guangdong.