Local nitrogen application increases maize post-silking nitrogen uptake of responsive genotypes via enhanced deep root growth |
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Authors: | CHEN Zhe REN Wei YI Xia LI Qiang CAI Hong-guang Farhan ALI YUAN Li-xing MI Guo-hua PAN Qing-chun CHEN Fan-jun |
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Institution: | 1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/National Academy of Agriculture Green Development/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R.China;2. Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, P.R.China;3. Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, P.R.China;4. Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak Nowshera 24110, Pakistan |
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Abstract: | Nitrogen (N) is unevenly distributed throughout the soil and plant roots proliferate in N-rich soil patches. However, the relationship between the root response to localized N supply and maize N uptake efficiency among different genotypes is unclear. In this study, four maize varieties were evaluated to explore genotypic differences in the root response to local N application in relation to N uptake. A split-root system was established for hydroponically-grown plants and two methods of local N application (local banding and local dotting) were examined in the field. Genotypic differences in the root length response to N were highly correlated between the hydroponic and field conditions (r>0.99). Genotypes showing high response to N, ZD958, XY335 and XF32D22, showed 50–63% longer lateral root length and 36–53% greater root biomass in N-rich regions under hydroponic conditions, while the LY13 genotype did not respond to N. Under field conditions, the root length of the high-response genotypes was found to increase by 66–75% at 40–60 cm soil depth, while LY13 showed smaller changes in root length. In addition, local N application increased N uptake at the post-silking stage by 16–88% in the high-response genotypes and increased the grain yield of ZD958 by 10–12%. Moreover, yield was positively correlated with root length at 40–60 cm soil depth (r=0.39). We conclude that local fertilization should be used for high-response genotypes, which can be rapidly identified at the seedling stage, and selection for “local-N responsive roots” can be a promising trait in maize breeding for high nitrogen uptake efficiency. |
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Keywords: | genotypic difference local nitrogen maize nitrogen efficient root |
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