Paper submitted for the nineth international drainage workshop (ICID) |
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Authors: | Nicolas Stämpfli Chandra A Madramootoo |
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Institution: | 1. Brace Centre for Water Resources Management, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111, Lakeshore Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9
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Abstract: | The environmental benefits of water table management (WTM), as a method to reduce nitrate pollution, are well known. However,
there are few published studies on the effects of WTM on water use efficiency (WUE). This paper highlights the agronomic interest
of WTM for increasing WUE of irrigated grain corn production. A field study was conducted in 2001 and 2002 at a large scale
WTM research facility in Québec, Canada. The region experienced periods of drought during the two growing seasons. This study
shows that, by keeping the water table at 0.80 m below the soil surface, there were on average 35% increases in grain corn
yields, compared to conventional free drainage. The WUEs obtained with WTM (5.1 kg m−3 in 2001 and 7.1 kg m−3 in 2002) indicate that the method is generally more water efficient than conventional sprinkler and furrow irrigation. The
WUE of WTM also compares well with that of water conservation methods such as alternate furrow irrigation and deficit sprinkler
irrigation. Moreover, WTM requires low inputs in terms of equipment, energy, and labour, because it makes use of existing
subsurface drainage systems, which are widespread in Eastern Canada due to the region's soils and climate, and because of
its design, which does not necessitate high-pressure pumps and allows for automated management. Hence, WTM appears to be an
interesting alternative to conventional irrigation methods due to its combined environmental and agronomical benefits. |
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