盐水灌溉对不同暖季型草坪草蒸散量的影响

草坪蒸散量是指导草坪合理灌溉的重要指标。以7属11种共13份暖季型草坪草品种（种源）为材料，采用盆栽结合盐水（20 g· L^-1 NaCl）灌溉的方法，研究盐胁迫对其蒸散量的影响及与抗盐性的关系。结果表明：对照和盐胁迫条件下，草种间蒸散量均有显著差异。对照条件下，草种间的日均蒸散量变异系数为22.28%，日均蒸散量最高为‘Pan1’巴哈雀稗（Paspalum notatum）（5.71 mm·d^-1），最低为‘南京’狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon）（2.77 mm·d^-1）。盐水灌溉条件下，草种间的日均蒸散量变异系数为36.05%，明显高于对照，不同草种的日均蒸散量排序为：‘Diamond’沟叶结缕草（Zoysia materlla）（3.87 mm·d^-1）>‘S004’钝叶草（Stenotaphrum secundatum）（2.90 mm·d^-1）>‘兰引3号’结缕草（Zoysia japonica）（2.34 mm·d^-1）>‘Z080’结缕草（2.25 mm·d^-1）>‘Adalayd’海雀稗（P.varginatum）（2.20 mm·d^-1）>‘P011’双穗雀稗（P.distichum）（2.17 mm·d^-1）>‘南京’狗牙根（2.10 mm·d^-1）>‘Tifway’杂交狗牙根（2.00 mm·d^-1）>‘Pan1’巴哈雀稗（1.90 mm·d^-1）>‘B003’野牛草（Buchloe dactyloides）（1.84 mm·d^-1）>‘H001’牛鞭草（Hemarthria sibirica）（1.61 mm·d^-1）>‘E126’假俭草（Eremochloa ophiuroides）（1.57 mm·d^-1）>‘TifBliar’假俭草（1.50 mm·d^-1）。除‘Diamond’沟叶结缕草外，盐水灌溉下参试草种的蒸散量均有一定程度的降低，降幅从15.29%（‘S004’钝叶草）到66.74%（‘Pan1’巴哈雀稗）。相关性分析表明，盐处理下草坪草的蒸散量与草种的抗盐性成正相关。

Effects of Saline Water Irrigation on the Evapotranspiration of Different Warm Season Turfgrasses

Evapotranspiration is a key index to guide a reasonable irrigation program of lawn. The effects of saline water irrigation (20 g·L^-1 NaCl) on the evapotranspiration of 13 warm-season turfgrass types belonging to 7 genera and 11 species were investigated in this study. The results showed that the daily evapotranspiration rate (DER) of 13 turfgrass types significantly differed between control and salt stress treatments. The coefficient of variation (CV) of DER among genotypes was 22.28% under control condition. The DER of ‘Pan1’ bahiagrass was the highest (5.71 mm·d^-1) and that of ‘Nanjing’ bermudagrass was the lowest (2.77 mm·d^-1) under control condition. The CV of DER among genotypes was 36.05% under salt stress, which was higher than under control condition. The DERs of different turfgrasses under salt stress were ordered as Zoysia matrella ‘Diamond’(3.87 mm·d^-1) > Stenotaphrum secundatum ‘S004’(2.90 mm·d^-1) > Z. japonica‘Lanyin 3’(2.34 mm·d^-1) > Z. japonica ‘Z080’(2.25 mm·d^-1) > Paspalum vaginatum‘Adalayd’(2.20 mm·d^-1) > P. distichum‘P011’(2.17 mm·d^-1) > Cynodon dactylon ‘Nanjing’(2.10 mm·d^-1) > C. transvaalensis × C. dactylon ‘Tifway’(2.00 mm·d^-1) > P. notatum ‘Pan1’(1.90 mm·d^-1) > Buchloe dactyloides ‘B003’(1.84 mm·d^-1) > Hemarthria sibirica ‘H001’(1.61 mm·d^-1) > Eremochloa ophiuroides ‘E126’(1.57 mm·d^-1)> E. ophiuroides ‘TifBliar’(1.50 mm·d^-1). The DERs of all turfgrasses except Zoysia matrella ‘Diamond’decreased under salt stress, and the decreasing amplitudes were from 15.29% (Stenotaphrum secundatum ‘S004’) to 66.74% (P. notatum ‘Pan1’). The DERs of 13 turfgrasses under salt stress were significantly positive correlation with their salt tolerance.