Population and maturation dynamics of the swordtip squid (Photololigo edulis) in the southern East China Sea

Reproductive biology and seasonal distribution of the swordtip squid (Photololigo edulis) in the northeastern waters of Taiwan were studied, based on the samples and fishery data collected from the torch-light fishery between 2003 and 2005. The swordtip squid only occurred in the Kuroshio Current and reached the coastal waters of Taiwan in January and February. From March to June, its distributional range extended to 27°N and 124°E as the front (the Kuroshio Current met the Mainland China Coastal Current) moved northward. The squid moved southwestward as the front retreated to 25°N and 123°E from July to September. After October, it was mainly distributed in the front area which shifted southwestward at this time.

Both percentage of mature individuals and gonado-somatic index (GSI) of the swordtip squid were high in spring and autumn and low in summer, indicating two spawning seasons per year. Comparison of mantle length (ML), body weight (BW) and gonad weight (GW) of mature specimens in spring and autumn indicated that individuals of autumn spawning group were larger and heavier than those of the spring spawning group. The GSI between the two spawning groups was not different in females but different in males. High GSI and high percentage of mature (stage IV) individuals in the area suggest that the inshore water off northern Taiwan between 25.5°N and 26.5°N, 121.5°E and 122.5°E could be a spawning ground for the swordtip squid.