双季稻－油菜三熟制下长期施肥对早稻产量、养分吸收及土壤肥力的影响

通过长期定位试验,研究了双季稻-油菜三熟制下长期施肥对早稻产量、产量构成因子、植株养分吸收及土壤养分变化的影响。试验设无肥(CK)、全化肥(NPK)、氮钾(NK)、氮磷(NP)、30%有机肥(30%OM)和60%有机肥(60%OM)6个处理。结果表明,有机无机肥长期配施显著提高早稻稻谷产量和生物产量,其中,以30%OM处理稻谷产量最高,60%OM处理次之,与CK相比,增产率分别达到131.58%和119.08%。有机无机肥长期配施还能促进稻谷氮磷钾养分的吸收,30%OM和60%OM处理稻谷养分总积累量(N+P+K)比NPK处理分别高3.90%和1.05%,比CK分别高135.65%和129.19%。与单施化肥相比,有机无机肥长期配施有利于土壤培肥和土壤养分的维持与提高。研究还发现NK处理早稻产量、养分吸收量及土壤有机质、全N、碱解N、速效P含量均明显低于其他施肥处理,说明磷素是制约该地区早稻作物生长的主要影响因素之一,农民在早稻生产中应注重磷肥的施用。

Effects of Long-term Fertilizer Structure on Early Rice Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Soil Fertility under Double Rice-rapeseed Rotation System

Effects of different fertilizer structures on grain yield,yield construction,nutrient uptake in early rice and soil fertility were studied using a 22-year long term experiment under double rice-rapeseed rotation system.Six treatments were designed including no fertilizer(CK),NPK,NK,NP,30% organic manure(30%OM) and 60% organic manure(60%OM).The results showed that the grain and biomass yields in early rice were obviously increased with long-term combined application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer...