我国土壤中有机矿质复合体地带性分布的研究

我国土壤中的有机矿质复合体，在水热条件控制的地带性土壤中，呈现有规律的渐变趋势。从北往南，随着年均温度和年降雨量的增加，钠分散组复合体G#-1渐减，钠质研磨分散组复合体G#-2渐增；松结态腐殖质H#-1渐增，稳结态腐殖质H#-2渐减。G#-1/ G#-2及H#-1/H#-2之比值也分别呈渐减和渐增趋势。地带性土壤中复合体的表面性质、腐殖质组成及养分在各组复合体中的分布也呈现有规律的变化。各组复合体含量与土壤中存在的无机胶结物质有关。G#-1和H#-2随着钙饱和度的增加而增加；G#-2和H#-1则随着游离态铁、铝氧化物的增加而增加。笔者认为，有机矿质复合体组成及其性质可以作为土壤发生分类的一项依据。

STUDIES ON ZONAL DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANO-MINERAL COMPLEXES IN SOILS OF CHINA

It is found that there is a regular and gradually-changing tendency in contents of different organo-mineral complex types in zonal soils from north to south China.With the increase of annual average temperature and rainfall, the content of sodium-dispersed fraction (G_1) of organo-mineral complexes gradually decreases and that of sodium-groumd-dispersed fraction (G_2) gradually increases, the proportion of loosely combined humus (H_1)gradually increases and that of stably combined humus (H_2)gradually decreases, the G_1/G_2 retio increases and the H_1/H_2, ratio decreases by degrees.The regular variation of surfaee properties, humus composition and nutrient accumulation in both G_1 and G_2 organo-mineral complexes is also observed in zonal soils. The content of each group of complexes is related to the inorganic bonding materials in soil. G_1 and H_2 tend to increase with the degree of calcium saturation, and G_2 and H_1 with the free iron and aluminum oxides. It is suggested, therefore, that the composition and properties of organo-mineral complexes in soil could be considered as a reference index of soil genesis and classification.