滴灌量对新疆高产春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响研究

通过设置不同灌溉量处理,研究新疆滴灌高产玉米(≥15 000 kg/hm2)的需水规律及其灌溉量对产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明,两年两地(伊宁县、奇台)均表现为玉米产量随着灌水量增大而显著增加,灌水量显著影响穗粒重,而对收获穗数无显著影响;相同灌水量不同基因型间的耗水量无显著差异,但同一基因型不同灌水量处理间的耗水量均表现为随着灌水量增大而显著增大;同一灌水量不同基因型的水分利用效率有差异,不同基因型间均表现出较低灌量处理的水分利用效率较高。综合考虑产量和水分利用效率,现行高产田灌溉量减少10%或20%,可在不影响产量的同时达到节水的目的。

Effect of Drip Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Maize with High Yield in Xinjiang

Water requirement characteristics and effects of irrigation quantity on yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of Xinjiang spring maize with high yield of 15 000 kg/ha were studied by setting different irrigation quantities. The results showed that, yield increased with irrigation quantity at two sites in both years, and irrigation quantity had no significant effects on harvesting ear number, but significant effects on cob grain weight. There were no significant differences between the water consumptions of different cultivars under the condition of the same irrigation quantity. But the water consumptions of the same cultivar showed significant yield increases with increasing of irrigation quantities. There were significant differences between WUE of different cultivars under the same irrigation quantity condition. Cultivars showed higher WUE under the condition of lower of irrigation quantity. Considering yield and WUE together, achieve the purpose of saving water while maintaining high yield at the same time if the irrigation quantity is decreased by 10% or 20%.