哺乳母猪自动饲喂机电控制系统的优化设计及试验

随着中国规模化、集约化种猪场数字化智能饲喂需求的快速增加,为解决哺乳母猪少吃多餐且随哺乳日龄变化采食量动态增加的饲喂控制需求,该研究以哺乳母猪为试验对象,将机电系统、无线网络技术、Android技术、SQL Lite网络数据库、电子数据交换与哺乳母猪的营养供给模型集成起来,设计了一种哺乳母猪自动饲喂控制智能系统。研究结果表明,组成一个哺乳母猪智能系统的主要部件包括供料线、缓冲料仓、料位控制筒、料位调控杆、下料控制线管、螺旋输送机、中央控制箱、下料触发器、料槽及下料管道等,而且通过在系统的微处理器内存预设的采食量模型与雨刷电机精确旋转的电子控制技术相结合,实现了对预设饲喂量的准确投料;还通过储料仓的料位控制机构及设置的人工观察孔,可控制缓冲料仓的合理贮料量,尤其对泌乳早期(0~10 d)母猪的存贮料量最佳为大约10 d单头母猪的理论采食量,以保持日粮的新鲜度及减少结拱;预设的采食量的动态投料控制量基本符合哺乳母猪实际采食变化规律,且实际采食量的变化轨迹收敛于对数曲线。基于智能自动饲喂系统中采食量模型计算出不同泌乳日期的预测采食量,按4次/d的饲喂频率及变化的投料比例(30%,25%,25%及20%)进行定时与定量投喂,与人工饲喂对比,能显著促进哺乳仔猪采食量的增加(P0.05),以及极显著提高哺乳仔猪的平均体质量日增加量(P0.01)。此外,考虑安装、清理料槽及母猪采食的方便性,建议母猪饲喂器的触发器安装高度大约为10 cm。总之,该文设计的哺乳母猪电子自动饲喂系统无需传感器及电子标识技术的应用,适合在中国中、小型的种猪繁育场的哺乳舍推广应用,且系统设备及相应的软件系统的部署方便。进一步指出,母猪自动饲喂器除需要验证哺乳母猪的采食特性及哺乳的仔猪的断奶性能外,在未来还需要观察母猪的返情率甚至断奶商品猪的成活率等指标,从整个母猪的利用年限评价智能饲喂设备的优劣。

Optimal design and test of electromechanical control system of automatic feeder for nursing sow

Abstract: With the rapid development and the increased demand of digital intelligent feeding equipment in China's large-scale and intensive breeding pig farms, as well as to meet the needs of sows precise feeding and to realize small intake with more times and dynamically changing feed intake following lactation days, one automatic electro-mechanical feeding control systems of lactating sows was designed in this study, which was composed of electro-mechanical systems, wireless network technology, mobile SQL Lite network database, electronic data interchange and feed intake prediction models of lactating sow nutrient requirements. The equipment construction results showed that this intelligent feeding system include following main parts such as feed supply line, buffer feed bin, feed level control tube, feed level control hand shank, feed level viewing port, feeding control line tube, screw conveyer, center control integrated box, laying-off trigger, feed containing groove and feed flowing tube. The system integrated some ration intake prediction models of nursing sows into microprocessor memory beforehand and combined wiper motor's precise electronic control technology to realize the precise control of diet feeding in the system, and the total ration error of daily feed residual among different sows was no more than 50 g. The level indicator and artificial observation hole in storage silo were used to keep feed fresh and to reduce arch, and the advised feed storage would be 10 times as much as the predicted daily feed intake for sows in early lactation; Besides, the predefined dynamic feeding system was consistent with 28 days lactating sows' feed intake, and feed intake curve was converged to the following logarithm curve. A 28-d feeding experiment was conducted with total 531 piglets distributed into one test group and 3 control groups, and each group had farrowing parities 30, 36,12,20 respectively, the results demonstrated that by applying the pre-set feed amount calculated through the feed intake prediction models in system and fed piglets 4 times per day with changing feeding diet amount proportions (30%, 25%, 25% and 20%), the piglets in test group showed more feed intake (P<0.05) and higher average daily gain (P<0.01) compared with other three control groups, and finally the suggested install height of the laying-off trigger is about 10cm beyond the bottom of feed trough after totally take the installation, trough clearing and sows' ingestion in to consideration, and this height is very convenient to install the feeding equipment as well as the connect with their related software systems. In conclusion, the designed electronic automatic feeding system of lactation sows adopt electro-mechanical integrate system and could work without relatives sensors and electronic identification system such as RFID(Radio Frequency Identification Device), which is simple and feasible to operate and maintenance for common breeding sow farms, also it has lower cost compared with expensive import devices as USA Osborne, France Elistar and the Netherlands Velos sow feeding devices et al, and it is suitable to popularize in small and medium sow breeding farms. More importantly, except to verify the sows' feed intake characteristic and weaning piglets' performances, the estrus returning rate, whole use age of sows and even the survival rate of commercial pigs or more index should be involved in the future study to evaluate the intelligent feeding devices' performances.