日粮不同阴阳离子对21日龄肉仔鸡血液酸碱平衡和胫骨软骨发育不良的影响

采用３６０只１日龄Ａｖｉａｎ肉公雏，研究日粮中添加相同毫克当量（１７９ｍｅｑ／ｋｇ）的阴阳离子对２１日龄肉仔鸡血液酸碱平衡和胫骨软骨发育不良（ＴＤ）的影响。阳离子分别为钙（１２７％）、钠（０６２％）、钾（１５１％）和镁（０３９％）；阴离子分别为氯（０９２％），磷（０８０％）和硫（０６５％）。高氯、磷、硫均不同程度地诱发ＴＤ的发生，而添加阳离子将ＴＤ的发生率降至为零。添加阴离子显著降低了２１日龄肉仔鸡的体增重、血液的碱贮和碱超（Ｐ＜００１）、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度（ＭＣＨＣ）、血清羟脯氨酸含量以及胫骨重量、长度和皮质层厚度（Ｐ＜００５），血液ｐＨ值、血红蛋白含量和红细胞压积也有下降的趋势，从而酸化了血液，损害了血氧运输效率和软骨胶原降解，影响到胫骨生长发育。阳离子则增加了２１日龄肉仔鸡血液碱贮和碱超（Ｐ＜００１），降低了体增重和胫骨重量（Ｐ＜００５）。试验结果表明，日粮电解质平衡可能通过改变血液酸碱平衡，影响血氧运输效率和软骨胶原降解代谢及其它多方面机制诱导或制约ＴＤ的发生。

EFFECTSOFDIFFERENTDIETARYANIONSANDCATIONSONBLOODACIDBASEBALANCEANDINCIDENCEOFTIBIALDYSCHONDROPLASIAOF21DAYOLDBROILERCHICKS

maleAvianbroilerchicksof1dayofagewerecagedtoinvestigateeffectsofdifferentanionsandcationswiththesamemilliequivalent(179meq/kg)onbloodacidbasebalanceandincidenceoftibialdyschondryplasia(TD)at21dayofage.Thedietarycationsincludedcalcium(127%),sodium(062%),potassium(151%),magnesium(039%);andtheanionsincludedchloride(092%),phosphorus(080%)andsulfate(092%).Thehighconcentrationsofdietarychloride,phosphorusandsulfateincreasedtheincidenceofTDandtheTDincidenceat21daysoldwerereducedtozerowhenbroilerchickswerefeddietswithsupplementaldifferentcations.Theanionsdecreasedbodygain,bloodbaseexcess(BE),bicarbonateconcentration,meancorpuscularhemoglobinconcentration(MCHC),hydroxyproline(HP),tibialweight,lengthandcorticalthicknessofbroilerchicksat21daysofage.BloodpH,hemoglobin(HGB)andcorpuscularvolumetendedtodecrease.Alloftheseindicatedthatthedietaryanionsacidifiedtheblood,decreasedbloodoxygentransitionandgrowthcartilagecollagendegradation,influencedtibialdevelopment.Meanwhile,thecationsincreasedBEandbicarbonateconcentration,decreasedbodygainandtibialweight.TheresultofexperimentindicatedthatdietaryelectrolytebalancemayinduceorcontroltheincidenceofTDbychangingbloodacidbasebalance,influencingbloodoxygentransitionandcartilagecollagendegradation,and/orothermoreways.