山西太岳山天然油松林主要木本植物种群结构及空间分布格局研究

油松是暖温带落叶阔叶林区的代表性树种之一,是我国北方地区重要的造林绿化树种。研究了太岳山林区天然油松林主要木本植物种群的径级结构和空间分布格局。结果表明:油松种群由于缺乏幼苗幼树,径级结构呈倒金字塔型,属衰退型种群;辽东栎、青楷槭等5种阔叶树种种群的径级结构呈纺锤形,属进展种群。油松、辽东栎、杨树、山杏、山楂在整个尺度范围内呈集群分布;白桦与茶条槭在小尺度范围呈明显的集群分布,在中、大尺度变成随机分布;青楷槭在中尺度范围呈随机分布,但是小尺度和大尺度呈集群分布;五角枫在整个尺度上呈随机分布的趋势;赤杨在尺度变化过程中由集群分布变成均匀分布。上层阔叶树和下层阔叶树呈集群分布的趋势,但下层阔叶树随尺度的变化由集群分布变成随机分布。种群的空间分布格局是物种的生物学、生态学特性及其自然环境长期作用的结果,是种群的一种生存策略或适应机制。

Structure and Spatial Patterns of Main Woody Plant Populations in A Natural Pinus tabulaeformis Forest in Taiyue Mountain, Shanxi Province

Pinus tabulaeformis is not only one of representative tree species in warm temperate zone,but also an important afforestation tree species in northern China.The population structure and spatial patterns of main woody plant species were studied.The results showed that the population structure of P.tabulaeformis was a reverse pyramid type.The age structure of the population was declining due to lack of seedlings and saplings.The population structure of other 5 broadleaved populations,such as Quercus liaotungensis,Acer tegmentosum and etc,was a spindle type and the age structure of these populations was ascending.As to the distribution pattern,the P.tabulaeformis,Q.liaotungensis,Prunus armniaca,Populus davidiana and Crateagus pinnatifida population were clump in all research scales.Betula platyphylla and Acer ginnala population patterns were the same,clump for small scales,random for middle and large scales.The spatial pattern of Acer tegmentosum population was random for middle scales,but clump for small and large scales.As to Acer mono population,the spatial distribution pattern was random in all scales.Varied with scales,the spatial patterns of Alnus japonica changed from clump to regular.The spatial patterns of the woody plant population in upper and lower layers were also analyzed.The result showed that the spatial patterns of upper layer's and lower layer's tree species were all clump tendency,whereas the latter varied from clump to random.The population spatial pattern was decided mainly by long-term interactions among the biological,ecological characteristics and its environmental conditions,which showed the survival strategy and adaptive mechanism in certain degree.