现代道地中药材生产工程模式构建及评价

中国中药材生产标准缺乏、管理不完善、质量安全问题突出,通过构建科学、系统的中药材生产工程模式来指导中药材产业发展、确保产品质量安全意义重大。该研究涉及中药材生产环节,包括育种、种植、采收加工、储藏等环节,从传统道地中药材"三因子"（生物因子、环境因子、人为因子）,提出现代道地中药材六属性假说（即生物自然属性、生态环境属性、加工储藏属性、品性商品属性、质量安全属性、种植管理属性）。在此基础上,利用系统学的理论、工具和方法,获得在构建生产标准、种植管理、质量安全3个体系的基础上耦合形成现代道地中药材生产工程模式的构建打下方法论的基础。按照科学性、简明性等原则,结合专家咨询法构建了3个层次、19个指标的评价指标体系,利用层次分析法确定了指标权重,利用模糊综合评价方法对段木赤灵芝生产进行实证,结果为0.71,良好,与生产实际一致。该研究不仅对中药材生产具有较高借鉴价值,也为现代农业生产工程模式研究提供理论支撑。

Construction and evaluation of production engineering mode for modern genuine traditional Chinese medicinal material

Abstract: Traditional Chinese medicinal material is not only the material basis for the inheritance and development of Chinese medicine cause, but also a strategic resource in the national economy and people's livelihood. China is a large traditional Chinese medicinal material producer in the world, however, the issues of the planting of traditional Chinese medicinal material are becoming increasingly acute, including the lack of planting standard, imperfect management and quality and safety monitoring difficultly. Constructing scientific and systemic engineering mode for traditional Chinese medicinal material planting is more and more important for the development of Chinese herbal medicine industry. This paper involved traditional Chinese medicinal material production processes, including breeding, cultivation, harvesting and processing, storage and other links. Based on the three factors (biological factor, environmental factor and artificial factor) of genuine traditional Chinese medicinal material production, this paper put forward the hypothesis of 6 attributes of modern genuine Chinese medicinal material production, including biological nature attribute, ecological environment attribute, processing and storage attribute, character merchandise attribute, planting management attribute and quality security attribute. Based on this, through the theory, tools and methods of systematics, a new set of methodologies of 3 systems were established, including production standard system, planting management system and quality and safety system. Based on the 3 systems, the production engineering mode for modern genuine traditional Chinese medicinal material was constructed. According to the principles of science, practicality and simplicity, the realized degree evaluation index system of production engineering mode for modern genuine traditional Chinese medicinal material was established. The weights of these indices were reckoned by the use of the comparison matrix of analytic hierarchy process built in the software of MATLAB 7.6. The realized degree of traditional Chinese medicinal material planting engineering mode was evaluated by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The wood-log Ganoderma lucidum planting was used as a case study. The framework of comprehensive evaluation index system for production engineering mode of traditional Chinese medicinal material was made up of 3 grades and 19 indices. The comprehensive evaluation score of the realized degree of the wood-log Ganoderma lucidum planting was 0.71, which indicated that the engineering mode of this production presented a good level. This result was in accord with the field investigation result. The study will lay methodological foundation for the construction of production engineering mode for modern genuine traditional Chinese medicinal material and effectively guide the relative research and industry development. The result will not only has high reference value for Chinese herbal medicine production, but also provide theoretical support for the research of engineering mode of modern agricultural production.