4种植物提取物对两种储粮害虫的驱避作用

目的]有效利用和开发植物源杀虫剂,实现安全和绿色储粮。方法]采用冷浸提取法,制备蓖麻叶、曼陀罗叶、番茄叶和杏叶的乙醇提取物,研究它们对赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗成虫的驱避作用。结果]蓖麻叶、曼陀罗叶、番茄叶和杏叶的乙醇提取物对赤拟谷盗成虫12h后的驱避率分别为96.30%、96.30%、98.30%和86.20%,72h后杏叶提取物的驱避率为52.38%,其他3种提取物的驱避率均保持在65%以上。曼陀罗叶、蓖麻叶、番茄叶和杏叶的乙醇提取物对锈赤扁谷盗成虫12h后的驱避率分别为100.00%、94.50%、98.30%和94.50%,72h后的驱避率分别为72.22%、56.06%、56.65%和67.84%。结论]4种植物叶的乙醇提取物对赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗的成虫均具有较好的驱避效果,且随处理时间的延长,驱避率下降,12h后驱避率均超过85%,72h后的驱避率也都保持在50%以上。

Repellent Action of 4 Kinds of Plant Extracts on 2 Stored-grain Insects

Objective] The study aimed to exploit botanical insecticides so as to realize safe and green grain storage. Method] The ethanol extracts from Ricinus communis, Datura stramonium,Lycopersicon esculentum and Armeniaca vulgaris leaves were prepared by cooling extraction and their repellent actions on Tribolium castaneum and Cryptolestes ferrugineus adults were studied. Result] The repellent rates of ethanol extracts from R. communis, D. stramonium, tomato and apricot leaves on T. castaneum adults were 96.30 %, 96.30 %, 98.30 % and 86.20 % resp. after 12 h, the repellent rate of ethanol extracts from apricot leaves was 52.38 % and that of the other 3 extracts were kept over 65 % after 72 h. The repellent rates of ethanol extracts from R. communis, D. stramonium, tomato and apricot leaves on C. ferrugineus adults were 100 %, 94.5 %, 98.3 % and 94.5 % resp. after 12 h and that were 72.22 %, 56.06 %, 56.65 % and 67.84 % resp. after 72 h. Conclusion] The ethanol extracts from 4 kinds of botanical leaves had better repellent effects on T. castaneum and C. ferrugineus adults and the repellent rates decreased along with the extending of treatment time, which exceeded 85 % after 12 h and were kept over 50 % after 72 h.