Pharmacokinetics and local tolerance of a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation in camels.

Disposition and local tolerance of a new oxytetracycline (OTC) long-acting formulation were evaluated in camels by measuring the dynamics of creatine kinase. Six camels (Camelus dromedarius) were administered OTC by IV and IM routes according to a 2-period cross-over, study design. Serum OTC concentration was measured, using a microbiological assay procedure. After IV administration (5 mg/kg of body weight), mean residence time was 7.7 +/- 2.8 hours, steady-state volume distribution was 706.1 +/- 168.6 ml.kg-1 and serum clearance was 75.3 +/- 23.2 ml.kg-1.h-1. After IM administration of the long-acting OTC formulation (10 mg/kg), maximal OTC concentration (3.49 +/- 0.44 micrograms.ml-1) was observed after 7.3 +/- 3.5 hours; the mean systemic availability was near 100%, and serum concentration greater than 0.5 micrograms.ml-1 was maintained for about 72 hours. After IM administration, mean control serum activity of creatine kinase was multiplied by a factor of 3.36 +/- 1.55; at 72 hours after OTC administration, the serum creatine kinase activity returned to control values. It was concluded that OTC is an antibiotic of potential interest in camels and that a dosage regimen of 10 mg.kg-1 deserves attention when using a long-acting formulation that has good local tolerance and near total systemic availability.