部分葡萄品种的病毒病鉴定及健康状况评价

应用血清学的酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),对采自四川省内4个葡萄主产区内的34个葡萄品种,共计199份枝条样本进行了葡萄病毒病的检测和分析。在被测试的26个鲜食葡萄品种中,18个品种被1种或多种危险性的目标病毒所感染,品种感染率为69.2%;而在8个酿酒葡萄品种中,仅1个品种感染了危险性病毒,感染率为12.5%。在5个受测目标病毒和类型中,GLRaV-3的发生和危害最为普遍,其单个采样点的样本感染率为25.5%￣56.3%,其次为GVA0￣25.5%,GVB0￣12.5%和GLRaV-20￣4.5%,GFLV在本次试验中未被检测到。在每个取样点,感病品种一般所有单株都被同一种病毒感染,因此葡萄繁殖材料的引入是危险性病毒进入新产区的主要途径;而在生产实践中,高接换种方式会成倍增加葡萄病毒传播侵染的风险性。

Identification of virus diseases in some grapevine cultivars and evaluation of their sanitary state

199 stem samples of 34 grape cultivars collected randomly from 4 major producing areas in Sichuan province were tested and identified for their sanitary state by Das or Pas-ELISA. Among 26 table cultivars, 18 were found infected by at least 1 dangerous target virus, so the infection rate was 69.2%. In 8 wine cultivars, only 1 was found infected by dangerous virus, so the infection rate was 12.5%. Among 5 target viruses or types, GLRaV-3 was found most widely spread in the 4 producing areas, its sample infection rate of single site ranged from 25.5%~56.3%, followed by GVA from 0~25.5%, GVB from 0~12.5% and GLRaV-2 from 0~4.5%, but GFLV had not been found. In each site, almost all samples of every infected cultivar were found to be infected by the same virus, which suggested that introduction of grapevine propagation materials into an new producing area should be responsible for the invasion of new virus disease. In local cultivation practices, top grafting was often applied to replace old grape cultivar, this had made the virus disease transmission from one cultivar to another even worse.