云南省化肥施用现状及减量增效的途径研究

针对云南省化肥用量偏高、施肥结构不合理、肥料利用率较低、施肥方式落后,且化肥施用量逐年增长的问题。收集了全省《测土配方施肥农户施肥情况调查表》信息410095份,统计了全省16个州市的351194块地块410095季作物的施肥情况,综述了过量施用化肥的危害。建议采取适类、适时、适量、科学的施肥方法和技术,科学的田间管理,“化肥 ”三方面的措施,实现我省化肥零增长的目标。为农业生产提供指导,以保证我省粮食安全。

The Fertilizer Application Status and the Approach of Fertilizer-reduce and Efficiency-increase in Yunnan Province

Aims at the high application amount of fertilizer, the unreasonable fertilization structure, the low fertilizer use efficiency, the backward mode of fertilization and the gradually increasing application amount of fertilizer in Yunnan Province, the authors collected 410095 questionnaires of“Investigation on Fertilization of Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization”, analyzed fertilization status of 410095 crop seasons of 351194 plots in 16 cities of Yunnan, and summarized the harm of excessive application of chemical fertilizer. Fertilization methods and technologies of appropriate kind, time and amount were suggested, combined with scientific field management and“fertilizer + ’to achieve the goal of zero growth of fertilizer. The results could provide guidance for agricultural production in order to ensure food security in Yunnan.