三峡库区重庆段生态承载力时空演变研究

基于生态承载力相关理论,从生态弹力、承载压力和承载支撑力3个子系统出发,运用层次分析法对库区生态承载力进行综合测算评价.结果表明:1)研究区生态承载力总体处于中等稳定状态,生态弹性力处于中等水平,承载压力较大,承载支撑力较弱;2)总体来看,由于退耕还林及渝东南渝东北生态保护措施,研究区生态承载力平均水平呈稳步上升状态,2011年为0.500,2015年为0.521,承载力标准差较小,离散度不高,生态系统相对稳定;3)局部来看,研究区东北部巫溪、巫山、奉节等地生物丰度、植被覆盖率较高,生态承载力最好,而主城区及江津区生态承载力水平最低,生态系统自我调节与恢复能力以及对经济社会发展的支撑能力远不如渝东北地区.合理开发利用资源,准确把握产业发展模式及经济增长速度,加大环保投资力度对库区可持续发展及生态文明建设显得尤为重要.

A Space-Time Evolution Research of the Ecological Carrying Capacity of the Chongqing Section of Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Based on the theories related to ecological carrying capacity and starting from the three subsystems of ecological elasticity, environment bearing pressure and environment carrying capacity, a comprehensive calculation and evaluation of the ecological carrying capacity of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) Area was made with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in a study reported below. The results showed that the ecological carrying capacity of the study area was described as "moderately stable", the ecological elasticity was at an intermediate level, the pressure on environment bearing support was rather great, and the environment carrying capacity was weak. On the whole, because of re-afforestation and the measures of ecological protection taken in southeastern and northeastern Chongqing, the ecological carrying capacity (ECC) of the study area showed an upward trend, being 0.500 in 2011 and 0.521 in 2015, with a small standard deviation and a small dispersion, which showed a relatively steady ecosystem in this area. Locally, the biological abundance index and vegetation cover in Wuxi, Wushan and Fengjie were higher than in the central urban area of Chongqing and in Jiangjin district, and the ecosystem recovery capacity and the supporting in driving economic development of the latter were far less than those of the former. Therefore, It is particularly important to exploit resources reasonably, grasp the characteristics of the creative industry and increase investment in environment protection so as to realize a sustainable development and ecological civilization construction in TRG.