竹笋壳纤维复合材料的降解特性研究

为研究不同环境中竹笋壳纤维复合材料的降解特性,采用自然曝露法、土壤掩埋法、水性培养液法和纤维素酶法4种方法对复合材料进行了降解处理,测定了复合材料降解过程中的质量损失率以及降解后的相对结晶度、化学组分和微观形貌.结果表明:竹笋壳纤维复合材料在自然环境、土壤、水性培养液和纤维素酶缓冲溶液中有良好的降解性能,降解后的质量损失率依次为11.4%,21.0%,31.2%和34.3%,相对结晶度由空白对照组的40.7%依次增大到46.8%,53.1%,55.1%和57.7%,特征吸收峰发生了不同程度的降低.SEM分析表明,水性培养液降解使竹笋壳纤维表面变得更加粗糙,沟槽增大,出现较多剥落的碎片和较大的孔洞.土壤和纤维素酶缓冲溶液降解使竹笋壳纤维依次发生竹笋壳纤维表面胶质大量破坏和竹笋壳纤维内部剥离分层破坏,暴露出纤维单丝.

Study on Degradability of Bamboo Shoot Shell Fiber Composites

Bamboo shoot shell fiber composites were degraded by outdoor exposure test, soil burying test, aqueous medium test and cellulase test so as to study their degradability under different conditions. Their mass loss rate with degradation time was measured during the process of degradation. After degradation under the 4 different conditions, their relative crystallinity, chemical composition and microstructure were analyzed by XRD, FTIR and SEM. The results showed that the bamboo shoot shell fiber composites had good degradation performance under the outdoor exposure, soil, aqueous medium and cellulase conditions. After degradation under the 4 different conditions, the mass loss rates were 11.4%, 21.0%, 31.2% and 34.3%, and the relative crystallinities increased from 40.7% in the control to 46.8%, 53.1%, 55.1% and 57.7%, respectively. Their characteristic absorption peak values decreased in different degrees under the 4 degradation conditions. SEM analysis showed that after the aqueous medium degradation, the surface became rougher, the trench increased and there were many spalling debris and large holes. After the soil degradation, much surface glial disappeared and the monofilament fibers were exposed obviously. In the cellulose degradation, bamboo shoot shell fibers separated from each other inside and monofilament fibers appeared in large scale.