树上干杏花期及坐果期内源激素变化规律

树上干杏是伊犁河谷特有的杏资源,在实际生产应用中由于四月下旬的晚霜危害导致产量不稳定,从而给生产造成巨大的经济损失。本研究通过对树上干杏各物候期两种内源激素(吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)和细胞分裂素(ZT))含量变化的研究结合物候期的观察,总结出内源激素与物候期的关系,为花期调控,防控果期落果提供理论依据和支持。在花芽膨大期到坐果期期间,花芽中IAA含量经"升-降-升-降"的变化,花期期间整体呈大幅下降-小幅上升的动态变化。ZT总体呈"上升-平稳-下降"的趋势。IAA和ZT的相关性分析结果显示,IAA含量和ZT含量存在显著正相关关系。IAA和ZT在树上干杏花果期的生长发育期间起着调控作用。研究表明,树上干花期内高浓度的IAA是促进花芽膨大的诱导因素,同时又是促进显蕾和开花的启动因子,以及低浓度的IAA能促进幼果生长;高浓度的ZT有利于开花,以及花期高浓度的ZT有利于坐果。实验结果分析的正相关表明树上干杏花芽中的IAA和ZT在花期果期有相互增效的作用。前人有针对树上干杏花期抗寒性的研究,但通过延迟花期,避春寒的研究报道较少。为此,本研究通过对树上干杏各物候期两种内源激素含量变化的研究结合物候期的观察,初步总结出内源激素与花期物候的关系,为后期生产实际中喷施外源激素、调控树上干杏花期从而增加坐果提供一定的理论依据。

The Change of Source Hormones during Flowering and Fruit-Setting Period of Shushanggan Apricot

Shushanggan apricot is a unique apricot resource in Yili River Valley. In practical production and application, the production of Shushanggan apricot is unstable due to the late frost in late April, which causes huge economic loss to the production. Therefore, the study on the changes of two endogenous hormones in the tree trunk at different phenological stages combined with the observation of phenological stage summarized the relationship between endogenous hormones and phenological stage, providing theoretical basis and support for the regulation of flowering and prevention and control of fruit falling at fruit stage. The content of IAA in flower bud changed from "ascending-descending-ascending-descending" during the period from the inflating stage to the fruiting stage.During the flowering period, there was a dynamic change from a large decrease to a small increase. On the whole,ZT shows a trend of "rising-stable-declining". The correlation analysis results of IAA and ZT showed that there was a significant positive correlation between IAA content and ZT content. IAA and ZT played a regulatory role during the growth and development of Shushanggan apricot blossom and fruit. This experiment showed that high concentration of IAA in the flower period of Shushanggan apricot was the inducing factor to promote the growth of flower buds, as well as the promoter to promote bud development and flowering, and low concentration of IAA could promote the growth of young fruit. As for ZT, high concentration of ZT is beneficial to flowering, and high concentration of ZT during flowering is beneficial to fruiting. The positive correlation analysis indicated that IAA and ZT in the flower buds of Shushanggan apricot had mutual synergistic effects in the flowering and fruiting stages. Previous studies have focused on the cold resistance of Shushanggan apricot, but there are few reports on preventing spring cold by delaying flowering. Therefore, by studying the changes of two endogenous hormones in different phenological periods of the Shushanggan apricot and observing the phenological period, this study preliminarily summarized the relationship between endogenous hormones and phenophase of flowering, which provided certain theoretical basis for spraying exogenous hormones in later production practice and regulating the Shushanggan apricot blossom period so as to increase fruit setting.