玉米成株期耐盐性评价与耐盐资源筛选

为探明玉米成株期耐盐性评价方法并筛选耐盐玉米资源,采用多个鉴定指标对16份玉米品种进行耐盐性综合评价,并划分为不同的耐盐级别。试验采用大田鉴定法,以株高、穗鲜重、茎鲜重、总鲜重和籽粒干重这5个指标的耐盐指数为评价依据,运用加权隶属函数法进行耐盐综合评价,并根据D值对耐盐性进行聚类分析。结果表明,与正常环境相比,在盐碱胁迫下,各鉴定指标的平均值均有所下降,其中籽粒干重和穗干重的变异系数在盐胁迫条件下明显高于正常条件;不同玉米种质资源的耐盐指数的表现不同,以各个耐盐指数为依据的品种耐盐性排序也不一致;相关分析表明D值与各耐盐指数的隶属函数值均呈极显著正相关,可以用加权隶属函数法综合评价玉米成株期耐盐性。根据D值和聚类分析,可将16个玉米品种划分为5个耐盐级别:其中高耐盐品种(1级) 1个、耐盐品种(2级) 2个、中等耐盐品种(3级) 9个、敏盐品种(4级)3个、高敏盐品种(5级) 1个。本研究共筛选出高耐盐普通玉米1个(天泰316)、耐盐普通玉米2个(五岳97-1,惠农609)和特用玉米1个(山农207),这些品种建议在黄河三角洲等盐碱地示范推广。

Evaluation of Salt Tolerance and Selection of Salt Tolerant Germplasm in Maize at Adult Stage

To explore the method of eva luation of salt tolerance in maize at adult stage and screening for salt tolerant germplasm, sixteen maize varieties were evaluated into different salt tolerance levels using several identification indexes. Field identification method was used in this study. Salt to lerance index of plant height,spike fresh weight, stem fresh weight, total fresh weight and grain dry weight was used as the evaluation basis. The method of weighted membership function was used to evaluate salt tolerance synthetically. The salt tolerance was analyzed by cluster analysis according to the D value. The results showed that compared with the normal environment, the average value of each identification index was decreased somewhat under salt stress, of which the variation coefficient of grain dry weight and ear dry weight under salt stress was significantly higher than that under normal environment. Salt tolerance index of different maize germplasm was different, and the salt tolerance of varieties based on different salt tolerance indexes showed different sequences. Correlation analysis results showed that D value showed a significant positive correlation with the membership function value of each salt tolerance index. Therefore, the salt tolerance of maize at adult stage could be comprehensively evaluated by the method of weighted membership function. According to the cluster analysis, sixteen varieties were divided into 5 salt tolerance levels by D value. One varieties was classified as high salt tolerance(level 1), 2 varieties were classified as salt tolerance(level 2), nine varieties were classified as medium grade(level 3), three varieties were classified as salt sensitivity(level 4), and one varieties was classified as high salt sensitivity(level 5). In this study,one high salt-tolerant common maize(Tiantai 316), two salt-tolerant common maize(Wuyue 97-1, Huinong 609)and one salt-tolerant speciall maize( Shannong 207) were screened out. These varieties are suggested to be demonstrated and popularized in the Yellow River delta.