快中子辐射星油藤突变体库的构建及其突变体筛选

星油藤(Plukenetia volubilis L.)是大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)多年生木质藤本油料植物,其种子油富含多不饱和脂肪酸,其中α-亚麻酸含量高达44.2%~50.8%,被认为是开发高营养价值保健食用油的理想原料之一。但星油藤易感染由尖孢镰刀菌引起的致死性根茎基腐病,严重限制了其推广种植。且因中国星油藤品种资源单一,无法采用传统的杂交育种方法获得抗病高产的新品种。因此,星油藤研究中的当务之急是创制新的种质资源。本研究采用快中子辐射诱变星油藤种子进行新种质创制。首先探索了不同快中子辐射剂量对星油藤成苗率的影响,以确定半致死剂量。然后采用半致死剂量快中子辐射星油藤种子构建突变体库,对M1代植株的生物学及其农艺性状进行观测分析。结果表明:(1)星油藤种子的快中子辐射半致死剂量约为47.6 Gy;(2)快中子辐射抑制了星油藤M1代幼苗生长;(3)快中子辐射的星油藤植株表型变异类型丰富,具有肉眼可见表型变异的植株占M1代存活株的9.2%,其中诱变株3A423果实显著增大,种子单粒重是野生型的1.8倍;(4)采用随机扩增多态性DNA技术(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA,RAPD)鉴定了5株具有扩增产物多态性的突变株。本研究获得的突变体材料将有助于星油藤遗传育种和功能基因组学的进一步研究。

Construction of a Mutant Library and Screening of Mutants Induced by Fast-Neutron Irradiation in Plukenetia volubilis L.

Plukenetia volubilis is a perennial woody oilseed vine,which belongs to Euphorbiaceae family.Seed oil of P.volubilis is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids,especially theα-linolenic acid,which accounts for 44.2%~50.8%.Therefore,P.volubilis has the great potential to be an ideal feed stock for production of oil with a high nutritional value.However,P.volubilis still suffers from mortal diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum,which considerably hinder the widely exploitation and utilization of products from P.volubilis.At present,it is difficult to breed new variety by traditional cross-breeding because of rare germplasm resources.Therefore,it is urgent to obtain new germplasm resources of P.volubilis.In this study,seeds of P.volubilis were irradiated with fast neutron(FN)for creating new germplasm.Firstly,the effects of different dose of fast neutron on seedling survival rates of the plants were investigated to determine the semi-lethal dose,which will be applied to construct the P.volubilis mutant library.The agronomic and other biological traits of the M1 plants were investigated.The results showed that:(1)The semi-lethal radiation dose of FN on P.volubilis seeds was approximately 47.6 Gy;(2)The M1 seedlings induced by fast-neutron radiation grew abnormally;(3)FN induces a range of abnormal phenotypes in P.volubilis,accounted for 9.2%of M1 surviving plants;the fruit of the FN-treated plant 3 A423 increased significantly,and the seed weight of the 3A423 was 1.8 times higher than that of the wild type;(4)Five mutants were identified by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)analysis.Taken together,these mutants obtained in this study will be useful for further research of genetic breeding and functional genomics of P.volubilis.