盐胁迫对植物生长的影响及耐盐生理机制研究进展

盐胁迫是影响植物生长发育及产量的主要非生物胁迫,目前,中国盐渍土面积不断增大,培育耐盐作物、开发利用耐盐植物资源,是抵御盐胁迫的一种可行途径。盐胁迫对植物具有多方面的影响,盐胁迫下植物自身也会产生一系列生理生化的改变以调节离子及水分平衡,维持植物正常的光合作用。本综述从植物生长发育、光合作用、离子平衡等方面概括总结了盐胁迫对植物的影响,系统地介绍了植物自身通过离子区室化、清除活性氧、增强保护酶活性等来抵御盐害的生理机制。旨在培育耐盐作物、研究植物耐盐机理、开发利用耐盐植物资源、有效利用盐碱地等方面提供帮助,为农业发展、粮食安全以及生态环境安全提供参考依据。

Advances in the Effects of Salt Stress on Plant Growth and Physiological Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance

Salt stress is the main abiotic stress affecting the growth,development and yield of plants.At present,the area of salinized soil is increasing constantly in China.Cultivating salt-tolerant crops and exploiting salt-tolerant plant resources is a feasible way to resist salt stress.Salt stress has many effects on plants,plants themselves will produce a series of physiological and biochemical changes to regulate the balance of ions and water,and to maintain the normal photosynthesis of plants.In this paper,the effects of salt stress on plants were reviewed from the aspects of plant growth,photosynthesis,ion balance and so on,and the physiological mechanism that plants can resist salt damage by ion compartmentation,scavenging reactive oxygen species,enhancing the activity of protective enzymes and so on is systematically introduced.The purpose of this paper is to cultivate salt-tolerant crops,study the salt-tolerance mechanism of plants,exploit and utilize salt-tolerant plant resources,and provide reference basis for the effective use of saline-alkali land in agricultural development,food security and ecological environmental security.