干旱胁迫下大豆种质资源的生理响应及抗旱性评价

为丰富贵州大豆抗旱种质资源,为大豆抗旱育种和栽培提供理论依据,本研究采用人工控水盆栽试验,研究20份贵州春大豆种质资源的叶片光合速率、水分相对含量、保护酶活性和叶片组织伤害程度4大类共10个生理指标对干旱胁迫的响应,并通过隶属函数法对20份大豆种质资源进行生理抗旱性综合评价。结果表明,干旱胁迫下不同大豆种质资源叶片光合速率降低5.84%~71.46%、叶绿素相对含量损失0.40%?37.33%、叶片相对含水量损失12.49%?41.09%、叶片水分利用效率增加11.42%?99.66%;过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别增加11.06%?98.94%、6.12%?332.14%、0.14%?302.90%;脯氨酸大量积累59.36%~359.18%、丙二醛含量增加0.49%?63.44%,膜脂过氧化作用明显,干旱胁迫对不同大豆种质资源叶片组织细胞膜透性的伤害度为4.27%?94.36%。20份大豆种质资源中,黔豆08014的平均隶属函数值最高,为0.6096,其次是黔豆2014-36(0.5416)和黔豆2014-10(0.5157),表现出较强的抗旱性:黔豆2014-155、黔豆2014-198的平均隶属函数值最低,均低于0.3000,表现出较弱的抗旱性。筛选出黔豆08014、黔豆2014-36、黔豆2014-107三份抗旱性较强的大豆种质资源,可为大豆抗旱育种及栽培工作提供理论依据,对贵州大豆抗旱育种具有一定的指导意义。

The Physiological Response and Drought Resistance Assessment of Soybean Germplasm Resources under Drought Stress

To enrich Guizhou soybean drought-resistant germplasm resources,and provide theoretical basis for the breeding and cultivation of soybean.In this study,using artificial water control in the pot experiment,and studied the response of 10 physiological indexes of 4 major categories of 20 spring soybean germplasm resources on drought stress,that photosynthetic rate,water relative content,protective enzyme activity and leaf tissue damage degree.The results showed that,under drought stress different soybean germplasm photosynthetic rate reduced 5.84%?71.46%,the relative content of chlorophyll lost 0.40%?37.33%,the relative moisture loss of the blades was 12.49%-41.09%,the efficiency of leaf water utilization increased 11.42%-99.66%,POD,CAT and SOD protective enzyme activity increased 11.06%?98.94%,6.12%?332.14%,0.14%?302.90%,proline accumulated 59.36%?359.18%,the content of malondialdehyde increased 0.49%?63.44%,the membrane lipid peroxidation was obvious,and the damage to the membrane permeability of different soybean germplasm resources was 4.27%to 94.36%.Of the 20 soybean germplasm resources,the average membership of Qiandou 08014 was highest at 0.6096,followed by Qiandou 2014-36(0.5416)and Qiandou 2014-10(0.5157),demonstrated strong drought resistance;Qiandou 2014-155 and Qiandou 2014-198 was the lowest,with less than 0.3000,showing weak drought resistance.Three soybean germplasm resources with strong drought resistance,including Guidou 08014,guidou 2014-36 and guidou 2014-107,can provide theoretical basis for soybean drought resistant breeding and cultivation,and have certain guiding significance to Guizhou soybean drought resistant breeding.