不同氮素水平下加工型辣椒生长、产量和品质特性

利用基质培养法,研究了正常施氮量的60%、80%、90%、100%、120%、140%条件下加工型辣椒‘艳椒425’的生长、产量和品质特性,并综合分析最佳氮素施用量。结果表明,施氮量90%与施氮量100%、120%、140%辣椒植株生长指标无显著差异,与施氮量100%的单株结果数量和产量无显著差异;施氮量90%辣椒的不挥发性乙醚提取物、辣椒素和二氢辣椒素含量处于中间水平,粗纤维和蛋白质含量与其余5种施氮方案无明显差异,并且施氮量90%与100%辣椒的维生素C含量接近,远高于其余4种施氮方案。粗纤维、蛋白质和辣椒素含量与生长、产量性状相关性较高,其中粗纤维含量与开展度呈极显著负相关,与单株果实干重呈显著负相关。综合产量、品质,以及经济和绿色环保等因素,初步确定传统施氮量的90%为‘艳椒425’最佳施氮量,即比传统栽培减少10%的氮肥施用量。本研究可为加工型辣椒生产合理施用氮肥、实现减氮增效提供理论参考。

Growth,Yield and Quality Characteristics of Processed Pepper under Different Nitrogen Levels

The growth, yield and quality characteristics of proceed pepper ’Yanjiao425’ under different nitrogen levels(60%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 120% and 140% of the normal level) were studied by soilless culture, meanwhile,the application amount of the optimal nitrogen fertilizer was comprehensively analyzed. It is showed that, there was no significant difference of the plant growth between 90%, 100%, 120% and 140% nitrogen levels, and the number of fruits and yield per plant between 90% and 100% nitrogen levels. The contents of ether extracts,capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were at the intermediate level under 90% level, and there was no significant difference of the crude fiber and protein content between 90% nitrogen level and the other four nitrogen levels.Furthermore, the vitamin C content of 90% nitrogen fertilizer was close to that of 100% nitrogen fertilizer, far higher than the other four nitrogen fertilization schemes. The contents of crude fiber, protein and capsaicin were highly correlated with growth and yield traits, and the content of crude fiber was extremely significant negative correlated and significant negative correlated with the amplitude and dry weight of fruits per plant, respectively.Accordingly, comprehensiving yield, quality, and economic factors, it was preliminarily determined that the 90%nitrogen level was the optimum nitrogen fertilization scheme for ’Yanjiao425’, which can save 10% nitrogen that the traditional fertilization scheme. This study can provide theoretical reference for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in the production of processed pepper and the realization of reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency.