利用胚挽救获得葡萄三倍体植株

为获得三倍体葡萄新种质,以葡萄四倍体‘醉金香’×二倍体‘秋黑’杂交所得幼果为试材,研究了幼果低温处理天数、培养基IAA浓度、胚珠处理方式以及不同光质等因素对胚发育及胚萌发的影响。结果表明,采集授粉后35 d的杂交幼果,先进行4℃低温处理,再取出胚珠接种,有利于胚发育和萌发,以低温40 d和30 d处理的胚发育率和萌发率最高,分别为91.8%和24.4%;培养基IAA浓度为0.2 mg/L时可显著提高胚萌发率;进行切喙处理的胚珠胚萌发率显著高于完整胚珠接种;发光二极管LED复合光(红∶蓝∶白=3∶1∶1)比日光色荧光灯(日光灯)更适合杂种胚萌发;用流式细胞仪检测了20个杂种后代株系,其中三倍体株系19个,后代三倍体株率为95.0%。

Obtaining Triploid Plants via Embryo Rescue in Grapes

In order to obtain the new germplasm of triploid grapes,the young fruits that collected from the hybridation of the tetraploid grape’Zuijinxiang’×the diploid grape’Autumn black’,were used to study the effects of the days of low temperature treated,IAA concentration in the culture media,ways of the ovule treated,and the light quality in culture environment on the ovule development and the embryo germination rates.The results showed that the ovules,which were collected from the young fruits at 35 d after the pollination and pretreated with low temperature at 4℃,had better embryo development and germination rates.The highest embryo development rate and germination rate obtained when the embryos were treated for 40 d and 30 d with the rates at 91.8%and24.4%,respectively.The supplying of 0.2 mg/L IAA in the medium could significantly increase the embryo germination rate.The cutting of the seed beaks prior to inoculate increased the embryo germination rate.The LED composite light with a ratio of red∶blue∶white at 3∶1∶1 using for incubating light source had a better effect on the embryo germination compared to the fluorescent light.Twenty seedling lines were checked by flow cytometer and nineteen lines of them were triploid,resulting in a triploid rate at 95.0%.