西藏的茶:生态、文化还是产业?——关于一个解释模型的探讨

西藏有丰富多彩的茶文化,其茶园面积也在快速增加,茶产业正快速发展。目前,从“人-经济-社会”的三维角度看,西藏茶文化尚未得到有效开发和利用,但却十分必要。其必要性来自于更宏大的机制。本文核心脉络是从西藏茶及其文化的的生态性、文化性、产业性,生态旅游的可行性与功能性分析等多个角度展开对西藏文化产业“三维成长与动力理论”模型的解读,并引出关于对人类社会的“人-经济-社会”的三角正反馈互构机制的讨论。本文认为:西藏茶及其文化具备生态基因,主要表现在三个方面:茶叶在西藏的出现是人与生态环境博弈的重要结果、茶叶在西藏的使用生动地体现了人与自然的关系、西藏的茶叶贸易受生态性的制约;西藏茶文化与产业结合形成茶文化产业有其必要性和可行性;在“三维成长与动力理论”模型中,生态是吸引力与基础,文化是精华与“密码”,而旅游则是纽带与筋骨,西藏茶文化产业是对“生态+文化+旅游”三维成长与动力理论模型的一项较好的检验;三个主要维度的讨论肯定了西藏茶文化生态旅游在该理论模型中的功能与发展路径;推进西藏茶文化产业的发展不但符合“美丽西藏”建设范畴,而且从“人-经济-社会”的三角正反馈互构取向看,它也是“美丽西藏”建设的重要动力和活力;该三角正反馈互构取向呼唤着关注人类社会终极方向和价值。

Tea in Tibet:Ecology,Culture or Industry

Tibet has rich and colorful tea culture.The area of tea plantations is increasing rapidly and the tea industry has been expanding greatly.At present,from the three-dimensional perspective of human-economy-society,tea culture in Tibet has not been effectively developed and utilized,but it is very necessary.The necessity comes from a greater mechanism.This paper analyzes the model of"three-dimensional growth and motivation theory"for the Tibetan cultural industry from the ecological,cultural,industrial perspectives based on the feasibility and functionality analysis of ecological tourism,bringing about the positive feedback mechanism about the"human being-economy-society".It holds that Tibetan tea and its culture possess ecological genes,which are mainly manifested in three aspects:the emergence of tea in Tibet is an important consequence of the game between human being and ecological environment;the use of tea in Tibet vividly reflects the relationship between human being and nature,and the trade of tea in Tibet is restricted by ecology.It is necessary and feasible to form tea culture industry by combining tea culture with industry in Tibet.In the model of"three-dimensional growth and motivation theory",ecology is the attraction and foundation,culture is the essence and"password",and tourism is the link and bones,and the tea culture industry in Tibet is a good test of the three-dimensional growth and motivation theory model of"ecology+culture+tourism".The discussion of three main dimensions confirms the function and development path of Tibetan tea culture ecotourism in the theoretical model.Promoting the development of tea culture industry in Tibet not only conforms to the construction category of"beautiful Tibet",but also serves as an important driving force and vitality for the construction of"beautiful Tibet"from the perspective of the positive triangular reciprocal construction orientation of"human being-economy-society".This triangle is calling for attention to the ultimate direction and value of human society.