Effects of Long- and Short-Chain Fatty Acids on the Release of Gastrointestinal Hormones using an ex Vivo Porcine Intestinal Tissue Model

Gastrointestinal (GI) peptide hormones play an important role in short-term regulation of food intake and blood glucose levels. Modulating their release is of potential relevance for weight management and possibly diabetes. As currently available models are hard to extrapolate to the human situation, the use of porcine intestinal tissue, collected from slaughter pigs, was investigated for this purpose. Intestinal tissue disks showed a predicted regional release pattern of GI peptides. Various long-chain fatty acids differentially stimulated release of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) (up to 500%) and glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (up to 200%) from ileal tissue disks, but effects on peptide YY (PYY) did not reach significance. Short-chain fatty acids had no effects on the release of GLP-1, GLP-2, and PYY in either the ileum or colon. In conclusion, this porcine tissue model shows to be of advantageous use in a tiered approach to study the potential of satiety-inducing compounds to be selected for studies in humans.