添加有机物料的微生物生防制剂对草莓灰霉病的防治

为解决微生物生防制剂在实际应用过程中防效不稳定的问题，本研究通过在不同微生物生防产品中添加有机物料，分析了添加有机物料对草莓灰霉病防治和土壤微生物数目的影响。本试验共设15个处理。微生物生防制剂（BCA）包括枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis（Bs），木霉菌Trichoderma（Tr），EM菌（effective microorganisms，EM），半量枯草芽胞杆菌+木霉菌（1/2BT），以及无菌剂对照（CK）；有机物料用量（米糠+豆粕粉，RB）设3个水平，分别为不添加，1/2RB（15 g/m²米糠+60 g/m²豆粕粉）和RB（30 g/m²米糠+120 g/m²豆粕粉）。移栽55 d后将各处理组分均匀撒施至根周，随后覆盖地膜并滴灌保湿。结果表明，木霉菌和EM菌能够有效降低灰霉病发病率，有机物添加量一致时，微生物生防制剂的防效规律为EM > Tr > Bs > 1/2BT。木霉菌和EM菌单剂在发病较轻的试验地1中防效为60.00%~68.00%，发病严重的试验地2中防效为16.39%~29.01%。各处理中EM+RB防效最高，最高可达90.00%。添加全量米糠和豆粕粉能够显著提高生防制剂的防效。生防制剂添加有机物料的防效规律为BCA+RB > BCA+1/2RB > BCA，Tr+RB防效比Tr单剂施用提高0.17~1.1倍，EM+RB防效比EM单剂提高0.32~1.84倍。同时土壤微生物的数目随有机物料的增加而增加，1/2RB和RB可使数目分别增长0.43~8.86倍和0.93~32.72倍。以上结果表明，实际生产中施用木霉菌或EM菌能够有效防治草莓灰霉病，添加足量的有机物料可以增加土壤微生物丰度从而提高防治效果。

Application of Microbial Biocontrol Agents Combined with Organic Material Addition for Combating Strawberry Gray Mold

To solve the unstable effect of microbial biological control agents (BCAs) on strawberry gray mold, field experiments were performed to determine the control effects of different microbial BCAs combined with organic material on strawberry gray mold and the number of soil microorganisms. There were 15 treatments in this experiment. Microbial BCAs included Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, effective microorganisms (EM), half-dose Bacillus subtilis+Trichoderma (1/2BT) and no BCA control (CK). organic materials (rice bran and soybean meal powder, RB) included 3 levels:no add, 1/2RB (15 g/m² rice bran +60 g/m² soybean meal powder) and RB (30 g/m² rice bran +120 g/m² soybean meal powder). After 55 days of transplanting, the components of each treatment were evenly broadcasted around the root, and subsequently covered plastic film, moisture was kept with drip irrigation. The results showed that Trichoderma and EM could effectively reduce the incidence of gray mold. The order of the control effects of BCAs was EM > Tr > Bs > 1/2BT with the same amount of organic material addition. The control effects of single Trichoderma and EM were 60.00%-68.00% in the mild disease test site 1 and 16.39%-29.01% in the serious disease test site 2. The treatment of EM+RB showed the highest prevention effect, which was up to 90.00%. The control effect of BCAs were significantly increased by adding the full amount of rice bran and soybean meal powder. The order of the control effects of BCAs with organic material addition was BCA+RB > BCA+1/2RB > BCA. The application of Tr+RB and EM+RB increased the control effects by 0.17-1.1 times and 0.32-1.84 times comparing to single BCAs, respectively. Meanwhile, the soil microbial population was positively regulated by application of organic materials. Application of 1/2RB and RB increased the microbial population by 0.43~8.86 times and 0.93~32.72 times, respectively. These results suggested that the application of Trichoderma or EM could effectively control strawberry gray mold in actual production, and the addition of sufficient organic materials could increase the soil microbial abundance, which might consequently improve the control effect.