8种植物精油对嗜卷书虱的杀虫活性及香青兰精油的GC-MS成分分析

为筛选新型环保植物源仓储害虫杀虫剂，采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取8种植物精油，滤纸药膜法、密闭空气熏蒸法测定精油对嗜卷书虱成虫的触杀、熏蒸活性，筛选出高活性植物，并用气相质谱-色谱联用仪（GC-MS）对高活性植物精油进行化学成分的分析和鉴定。结果表明：香青兰、窃衣、啤酒花精油对嗜卷书虱具有较强的触杀活性，LD₅₀分别为157.43、349.34和633.07µ；g/cm²；香青兰、蒌蒿和窃衣精油对嗜卷书虱具有较好的熏蒸活性，LC₅₀分别为0.20、0.70和1.66 mg/L。香青兰精油经GC-MS分析，检测并鉴定到23个化学成分，相对含量占总含量的84.22%，其主要成分为乙酸香叶酯（16.26%）、丁香酚（13.90%）、香叶醛（13.20%）、草蒿脑（7.89%）、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯（8.55%）以及橙花醛（7.60%）。研究结果表明香青兰精油对嗜卷书虱的生物活性较好，值得进一步研究。

Insecticidal Activity of 8 Essential Oils and Analysis of Chemical Composition of Dracocephalum moldavica by GC-MS

Eight plant oils were extracted from wild plants usig steaming distillation in screening for new insecticides for storage pests. Essential oils were evaluated for insecticidal activities against Liposcelis bostrychophil using filter-paper film method and fumigation method. Three essential oils (Dracocephalum moldavica, Torilis scabra, and Humulus lupulus) showed strong contact toxicity against L. bostrychophila, with LD₅₀ values of 157.43, 349.34and 633.07 µg/cm², respectively. Three essential oils (D. moldavica, Artemisia selengensis and T. scabra) showed strong fumigant toxicity against the booklouse, with LC₅₀ values of 0.20, 0.70 and 1.66 mg/L, respectively. The essential oil from D. moldavica that exhibited the strongest contact and fumigant toxicity was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for chemical composition. Twenty three compounds were identified, accounting for 84.22% of the total oil, principallygeranyl acetate (16.26%), eugenol (13.90%), citral (13.20%), 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate (8.55%), estragole (7.89%), and neral (7.60%). The above results indicate that the essential oil of D. moldavica has the potential to be developed as an insecticide for storage pests.