小麦幼胚离体诱变育种的研究

以~(60)Co—γ射线辐照小麦幼胚愈伤组织,辐照剂量以1000～1200拉德为宜。温室加代,一年可获得 R_0、R_1两代种子。R_0代长势弱,出现畸形苗,穗变小及不育株等,但不遗传,仅有少数穗形、壳色、芒性、籽粒等变异可遗传。R_1代变异谱广,变异率高.变异性状在 R_2代中有80%趋于稳定,R_2代是选育优良无性系的较好世代,已在 R_2代中选育出高产、早熟、矮秆、大穗、大粒等优良无性系。同功酶分析表明,各系与亲本比较,都有他们各自的特征酯酶带。

MUTATION BREEDING OF WHEAT BY TISSUE CULTURE WITH IMMATURE EMBRYOS

For γ-ray treatment of wheat immature embryo calli,a dosage of 1000-1200 rads was con- sidered suitable.When cultured in a greenhouse,two generations' (R_0 and R_1) seeds could be harvested in a year.R_0 plants grew weakly with smaller heads,among them appeared some ab- normal or sterile plants being uninheritable and other variations in ear-shape,glume color,and awn characters,being inheritable.In R_1 generation,the variation range was wide and variation frequency high.About 80% of mutant characters appeared in R_1 generation tended to be stable in R_2 generation from which some elite lines with high-yield,early-maturing dwarf-stalks, macrospikes and macrograins have been selected.Isoenzyme analysis indicated that all the above strains possesd their own specific esterase bands different from each other and their parents.