底栖硅藻生产性培养中的理论与实践

采用三种培养措施（Ⅰ.光照度2500-3000lx，一天一翻筐；Ⅱ.光照度2500-3000lx，3天一翻筐；Ⅲ.光照度1500-2000lx,3天一翻筐）进行底栖硅藻的生产性培养.结果表明:培养措施Ⅰ和Ⅲ获得的底栖硅藻种类组成(大型舟型藻、小型舟型藻、等片藻、菱形藻、直链藻、卵形藻的密度百分比分别为11.56±4.64，78.27±9.63，0.823±0.25，2.57±1.06，0.01±0.01，6.78±1.34和0.15±0.03，79.71±12.72，0.23±0.09，0.64±0.12，0.01±0.01，19.262±6.64)优于培养措施Ⅱ（大型舟型藻、小型舟型藻、等片藻、菱形藻、直链藻、卵形藻的密度百分比依次为23.56±10.47，38.47±9.85，22.51±9.86，10.24±2.86，5.22±1.68，0.007±0.002），但培养措施Ⅲ所获得底栖硅藻总密度显著较低。说明采用较强的光照度（针对小型舟型藻类而言）结合每日翻筐的培养措施既能保证较优质的底栖硅藻种类组成，又提高了生长速度，迎合了水产经济动物苗种生产培养中对底栖硅藻的大量需求。

Theory and practice in productive culture of benthic diatoms

In order to optimize the productive training methods of benthic diatoms in northern China and taking into account the existing culture modes.Benthic diatoms were productive culture using three kinds of measures （Ⅰ：Illuminance 2500～3000 lx,over the baskets/24h;Ⅱ：Illuminance 2 500～3 000lx,over the baskets/72h;Ⅲ：Illuminance 1500～2000 lx,over the baskets/72h）.The results show that：Species composition of benthic diatoms （per cent in the density of large species of Naviculaceae,small species of Naviculaceae,species of Diatomaceae,species of Nitzschiaceae,species of Melosira and species of Cocconeis were 11.56 ± 4.64,78.27±9.63,0.823±0.25,2.57±1.06,0.01±0.01,6.78±1.34 and 0.15±0.03,79.71±12.72,0.23± 0.09,0.64±0.12,0.01±0.01,19.262±6.64 respectively） cultured using measures Ⅰ and Ⅲ than develop measures Ⅱ （per cent in the density of large species of Naviculaceae,small species of Naviculaceae,species of Diatomaceae,species of Nitzschiaceae,species of Melosira and species of Cocconeis were 23.56 ± 10.47,38.47 ± 9.85,22.51 ± 9.86,10.24 ± 2.86,5.22 ± 1.68,0.007 ± 0.002）,but total density of benthic diatoms cultured using measures Ⅲ were significantly lower.This study indicated that stronger illuminance （Optimum illumination theoretic of small species of Naviculaceae is 1000-1500 lx） combined with daily turn baskets both ensure more high-quality and also enhance the growth rate of benthic diatom,so as meeting need of seed for more quantity of benthic diatoms of aquatic economic animals.