Evaluation of mature conifer plantations as secondary habitat for epigeic forest arthropods (Coleoptera: Carabidae; Araneae) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany;2. Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany;3. Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoell Str. 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany;4. Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;1. Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center for Food and Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany;2. Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2, 94481 Grafenau, Germany;3. Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;4. Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstraße 5, 96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany;5. USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA 30602, USA;6. Rehtränke 1, 94481 Grafenau, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Spiders (Araneae) and ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) were studied in a woodland of the Northwest German lowland. An ancient oak–beech stand (170 years old) growing on mineral soil as well as a 110-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and a 55-year-old spruce (Picea spp.) forest growing on peat were investigated by pitfall trapping. A total of 155 species (39 carabids, 116 spiders) and 16,887 individuals (5269 carabids, 11,618 spiders) was recorded. Beetle diversity was high in the oak–beech stand and the spruce forest, but significantly lower in the pine forest. In both conifer plantations the activity density of carabids was considerably lower. Spider diversity was significantly higher in the spruce forest when compared to the beech and pine stand, respectively. Analyses of assemblage similarity distinguished clearly the fauna of all three stands. For each forest type, indicator species were detected. Although both conifer plantations were planted on former bogs, spider species typical of bogs were present only in the pine stand, not in the spruce stand. In both animal taxa, species typical of deciduous forests were more numerous and abundant in the oak–beech stand when compared to the conifer plantations. Although they were in direct contact, the conifer stands on peat only to a very low extent serve as secondary habitats for the epigeic fauna of the autochthonous deciduous woodland. During the 1990s, various agricultural programmes in Central Europe promoted such conifer plantations – in contrast, such afforestation measures on extensively used or fallow land of former bogs are not supported by the results of this study. |
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