Distribution,colonization and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with central Himalayan rhododendrons |
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| Institution: | 1. Environmental Physiology and Biotechnology, G B Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora-263 643, Uttaranchal, India;2. State Biotechnology Programme, Govt. of Uttaranchal, Biotech Bhawan, P.O. Haldi, Pantnagar-263 146, India;1. Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France;2. Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France;3. CNRS, UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France;4. INRA, UMR 1418, Villeurbanne, France;5. INRA, UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Labex ARBRE, F-54280, Champenoux, France;6. Université de Lorraine, Labex ARBRE, UMR 1136, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France;7. INRA, UR 1138, Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers, Labex ARBRE, F-54280, Champenoux, France;1. Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;2. Polish Academy of Science, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland;1. School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA;2. Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA;3. Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic;1. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil;2. Center for the Study of Social Insects, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Plant Protection, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | The objective of the present study was to investigate arbuscular mycorrhizal status of five species of rhododendrons distributed in Kumaun region of the Indian Central Himalaya. Root and rhizosphere soil samples of all the five species of rhododendrons, namely, Rhododendron anthopogon, R. arboreum, R. campanulatum, R. barbatum and R. lepidotum were collected from temperate, sub-alpine to alpine location in altitudinal range from 1500 to 4500 m amsl. The arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in root samples ranged from 28 to 42%; and maximum and minimum colonization was observed in R. arboreum and R. lepidotum, respectively. The highest number of intraradical vesicles (12.5 ± 2.8 cm−1 root segment) was recorded in R. arboreum and the lowest (7.0 ± 1.7 cm−1 root segment) in R. barbatum; vesicles were not observed in R. lepidotum. Spores were extracted from the rhizosphere soil by wet sieving to perform microscopic identification of the species. The maximum and minimum populations of spores were detected in the rhizosphere soil samples of R. anthopogon (52.0 ± 1.5 spores 25 g−1 soil) and R. lepidotum (32.0 ± 2.5 spore 25 g−1 soil), respectively. Spore populations were found to belong to five genera—Acaulospora, Glomus, Gigaspora, Sclerocystis and Scutellispora; genus Glomus was found to be dominant in the rhizosphere soil samples of all the rhododendron species. The most frequent and abundant species was G. fasciculatum, however, this species was not isolated from the rhizosphere soil of R. barbatum. Finger millet (Eleucine coracana) was used to cultivate the trap culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to confirm the species identity. Spores of Glomus pustulatum, not detected in the rhizosphere soil, were recovered from the trap culture. Contrary to this, genus Gigaspora, which was present in the rhizosphere soil, did not sporulate in the trap culture. Shannon and Wiener index of diversity and Simpson's index of dominance indicated that the species richness, dominance and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi decrease with increasing altitude. In two species of rhododendrons, namely R. campanulatum and R. anthopogon, dark septate mycelium was also observed. |
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