Effects of planting system,plant density and flower removal on yield and quality of hybrid seed in cotton |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31794, USA;2. Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Upper Coastal Plains Research Station, 2811 Nobles Mill Pond Road, Rocky Mount, NC 27801, USA;3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA;4. MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China;2. College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China;3. Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands;1. MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China;2. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, 29050, KPK, Pakistan;1. Department of Agronomy, São Paulo Western University, Raposo Tavares HWY, Km 572, 19067-175 Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18610-307, Brazil;3. COFCO International, Potirendaba, São Paulo, Brazil;4. Solinfitec, Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Seedling transplanting and plastic mulching are widely adopted intensive planting systems in cotton production in China. Manual removal of early- or late-season flowers may improve seed quality without sacrificing yield through the compensatory growth of cotton plants. Two experiments were conducted, in Yellow River Valley in China from 2002 to 2003, to test if the intensive systems and flower removal can be used for enhancing hybrid seed production. Results in the first experiment show that yields of seed cotton and seed, and seed quality parameters averaged across three plant densities (2.25, 3.00 and 3.75 plants/m2), were significantly improved by either transplanting or plastic mulching relative to conventional planting. The improvements in yield and quality in two intensive planting systems were mainly attributed to longer and earlier flowering period. Transplanted plants did not differ significantly from mulched plants in seed yield, seed maturity and percentage germination, but transplanting decreased lint percentage and increased seed index relative to mulching. In terms of seed yield and quality, the optimum plant density for each planting system was 3.00 plants/m2. At the optimum plant density, seed yields averaged across two years for transplanting and mulching systems were 31.3% and 32.6% higher than for conventional planting system, respectively. Flower removal did not significantly affect seed yield, but removal of late-season or both early- and late-season flowers significantly improved seed quality. It was concluded that transplanting or plastic mulching, low plant density (3.00 plants/m2), and removal of late-season or both early- and late-season flowers can be integrated to enhance yield and quality of hybrid seed of cotton. |
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