Effect of SWD irrigation on photosynthesis and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China;2. Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, China and China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China;1. Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;2. Ubon Rice Research Center, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand;1. Agriculture Research Center, National Agricultural and Forestry Research Institute (NAFRI), Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF), Vientiane, Lao Democratic People''s Republic;2. The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Qld 4072, Australia;3. Bureau of Rice Research and Development, Rice Department, Thailand;4. Khon Kaen University, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen, Thailand;1. Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu High Quality Rice R&D Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China;2. College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for microbes and functional genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, Nanjing 210023, China;3. College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;1. Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China;2. College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China;1. Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;2. Bureau of Rice Research and Development (BRRD), Rice Department, Bangkok, Thailand;3. The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane 4072, Australia |
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| Abstract: | A study was conducted with the objective to determine the influence of (shallow water depth with wetting and drying) SWD on leaf photosynthesis of rice plants under field conditions. Experiments using SWD and traditional irrigations (TRI) were carried out at three transplanting densities, namely D1 (7.5 plants/m2), D2 (13.5 plants/m2) and D3 (19.5 plants/m2) with or without the addition of organic manure (0 and 15 t/ha). A significant increase in leaf net photosynthetic rate by SWD was observed with portable photosynthesis systems in two independent experiments. At both flowering and 20 DAF stages, photosynthetic rate was increased by 14.8% and 33.2% with D2 compared to control. SWD significantly increased specific leaf weight by 17.0% and 11.8% over the control at flowering and 20 DAF stages, respectively. LAI of D2 under SWD was significantly increased by 57.4% at 20 DAF. In addition, SWD with D2 significantly increased the leaf dry weight (DW) at both growing stages. At all the three densities, SWD increased the leaf N content and the increase was 18.9% at D2 density compared with the conventional control. In SWD irrigation, the leaf net photosynthetic rate was positively correlated with the leaf N content (R2 = 0.9413), and the stomatal conductance was also positively correlated with leaf N content (R2 = 0.7359). SWD enhanced sink size by increasing both panicle number and spikelet number per panicle. The increase in spikelet number per panicle was more pronounced in the 15 t ha?1 manure treatment than in the zero-manure treatment. Grain yield was also significantly increased by SWD, with an average increase of 10% across all treatments. SWD with D2 had the highest grain yield under the both cultivars with or without 15 t ha?1 manure treatment, which was 14.7% or 13.9% increase for Liangyoupeijiu and 11.3% or 11.2% for Zhongyou 6 over the control, respectively. |
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