Grain yield and water use in a long-term fertilization trial in Northwest China |
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| Institution: | 1. Dryland Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agrigultural Sciences, Anning Distract, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China;2. Dryland Agriculture Institute, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA;1. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, The Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China;2. Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Agronomy Dept., Univ. of Florida, PO Box 110570, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA;2. Dept. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Univ. of Florida, PO Box 110570, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA;3. Centre Universitaire d’Informatique, Univ. of Geneva, 7 rue de Dize, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland;1. Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec City, QC G1K 9A9, Canada;2. Université Laval, Département des sols et de génie agroalimentaire, 2480 boulevard Hochelaga, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;3. S&T – Science and Technology Corp, PO Box 608, 2600 AP Delft, The Netherlands;4. Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada;5. Université du Québec à Montréal, Centre for Forest Research, PO Box 8888, Centre-ville Station, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada;6. Université Laval, Département de phytologie, 2425 rue de l’Agriculture, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;1. Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;2. Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;3. School of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Shangdong, Ningxia 266071, China;1. Centre for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China;2. Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China;3. Hebei Institute of Water Resources, Shijiazhuang, 055057, PR China |
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| Abstract: | The wheat- (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn- (Zea mays L.) rotation system is important for food security in Northwest China. Grain yield and water-use efficiency WUE: grain yield/estimated evapotranspiration (ET)] were recorded during a 24-year fertilization trial in Pingliang (Gansu, China). Mean yields of wheat for the 16 years, starting in 1981, ranged from 1.29 Mg ha?1 for unfertilized plots (CK) to 4.71 Mg ha?1 for plots that received manure (M) annually with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers (MNP). Corn yields for the 6 years, starting in 1979, averaged 2.29 and 5.61 Mg ha?1 for the same respective treatments. Whether the years were dry, normal or wet, average grain yields and WUEs for both crops were consistently highest in the MNP and lowest in the CK treatment, and were always lower in the N than in the M treatment and in all others treatments that received N along with P fertilizers. More importantly, WUEs for MNP and for straw along with N annually and P every second year (SNP) were always higher than the other fertilized treatments in dry years. Compared to yield data, coefficients of variance (CV) for WUEs were consistently low for all treatments, suggesting that WUEs were relatively stable from year to year. Yields and WUEs declined over time, except in the CK and MNP treatments for wheat. Declined yields of wheat for the N and M treatments were comparable, and the decline for the NP treatment was similar to that for the SNP treatment. Likewise, corn yields and WUEs declined for all treatments. Grain yields were significantly correlated with ET, with slopes ranging from 0.5 to 1.27 kg m?3 for wheat and from 1.15 to 2.03 kg m?3 for corn. Balanced fertilization and long-term addition of organic material to soil should be encouraged in this region to maximize the use of stored soil water, arrest grain yields decline, and ensure sustainable productivity using this intensive cereal cropping system. |
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