Effect of drip irrigation on squash (Cucurbita pepo) yield and water-use efficiency in sandy calcareous soils amended with clay deposits |
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| Institution: | 1. Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;2. Plant Production Department, College of Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;1. Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China;2. Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, China;3. MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;1. University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan;2. University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Department of Agronomy, Faisalabad, Pakistan;3. Department of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China;4. University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, Department of Soil Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan;1. National research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF), 17 rue Hédi Karray, BP n 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia;2. Centro de Pomaceas, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile;3. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, Universidad Católica del Maule, Camino a Los Niches, km 5, PB 7-D Curicó, Chile;1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 S. Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, United States;2. Tehama, Glenn, Colusa and Shasta Counties, University of California, Cooperative Extension, 1754 Walnut Street, Red Bluff, CA 9680, United States;3. Brock Taylor Consulting, CPAG CPSS CCA, 717 W. Muncie Avenue, Clovis, CA 93619, United States;1. Department of Farm Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India;2. Water Technology Centre, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India;1. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Weihui Road 23, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China;2. Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark;3. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;4. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China |
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| Abstract: | Water research studies in Saudi Arabia clearly showed sever depletion of groundwater. Therefore, the scientifically applied research program related to water saving and conservation in agriculture is essential, where agricultural activities account for more than 85% of the total water consumed. This study aims to investigate the effect of four irrigation levels, two irrigation methods and three clay deposits on water-use efficiency (WUE) of squash and the distributions of salts and roots in sandy calcareous soils. A field experiment was conducted at the college experimental station in 2002 and 2003. It consists of three clay deposits, three rates (CO = 0, C2 = 1.0 and C3 = 2.0%), four irrigation levels (T1 = 60, T2 = 80, T3 = 100 and T4 = 120% of Eto) using surface (IM1) and subsurface (IM2) drip irrigation.Results indicated that squash fruit yield was significantly increased with the increase in irrigation water level for each season. Generally, WUE values were increased as linearly with applied irrigation water and decreased at the highest irrigation level. Types of clay deposits significantly affected fruit yields compared with the control. The yield increase was 12.8, 8.35 and 6.4% for Khulays, Dhruma and Rawdat clay deposits, respectively. The differences between surface and subsurface drip on fruit yields and WUE were also significant. Results indicated that moisture content of subsurface-treated layer increased dramatically, while salts were accumulated at the surface and away from the emitters in subsurface drip irrigation. Intensive root proliferation is observed in the clay-amended subsurface layer compared with non-amended soil. The advantages of subsurface drip irrigation were related to the relative decrease in salt accumulation in the root zone area where the plant roots were active and water content was relatively higher. |
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