土壤入渗性能的线源入流测量方法研究

土壤的入渗性能决定了雨水或灌溉水转换为土壤水、在地表形成径流的数量和引发土壤侵蚀的能量，因而在实践中有很重要的价值。该文提出了一种测量(坡地)土壤入渗能力的方法以及相应的计算模型，设计并构建了完整的测量仪器系统，用数码相机记录水流在地表的湿润面积随时间变化的过程，由此推导得到了计算土壤入渗性能的数学模型，并进行了室内试验。结果表明：水流推进面积、土壤入渗性能与时间均具有很好的幂指数相关关系。采用入渗量和供水量对比的方法，计算出上述试验的测量误差为6.1%，说明该方法具有较高精度。研究结果证实了测量方法、计算模型和试验方法的合理性，该方法简单、省时、省水，对土表要求较低，对野外有较强的适应能力，为今后的进一步研究提供理论依据。

Method for measuring soil infiltrability with linear run-on of water

Soil infiltrability influences applied irrigating water transferred into soil water and the surface rainwater runoff responsible for soil erosion. Therefore it is very important to quantify the soil infiltrability. A method for measuring the soil infiltrability on hill-slope was advanced for the purposes. Algorithms were also formulated. From the principles of the method, an integrated experimental system was developed. Laboratory experiments were conducted. A digital camera was used to record the advance process of the area wetted by the run-on water flow at the soil surface. The mathematic models were derived to compute the soil infiltrability. Results show that the advances in wetted areas and the infiltrability as function of time are fitted with exponential functions. Compared the cumulative infiltrated water with the total supplied water, the relative estimation error is 6.1%, The accuracy of the method is higher. The dynamics of the infiltration curve conceptually present the infiltrability of a soil. The results validate the rationality of this measurement method, the computational models as well as the experimental procedures. This method can be used for faster field measurements for soil infiltrability with less water requirment. This will supply a foundation for the further study in this direction.