都江堰内外江分水鱼嘴工程变迁考述

内外江分水鱼嘴是都江堰三大渠首工程之一,其功能主要是分水分沙。自战国时期李冰创建以来,鱼嘴位置不断移动,修筑材料结构则从战国唐宋时期的竹笼卵石发展到元明时期的铸铁条石,再到清代至民国初期的条石结构,直至当今的混凝土结构,即都江堰分水鱼嘴如今呈现的面貌是历代不断探索、改进的结果,其中包含的经验教训值得总结与借鉴。

On the Changes of Construction Materials and Structures of Dujiang Weir' s Fish Mouth Dividing Water inside and outside Rivers

Fish-mouth dividing water inside and outside rivers is one of the head works of Dujiang Weir irrigation system,whose major function is water and sand diversion.The location of fish-mouth has been changing since Li Bing created it in the period of warring states.The construction materials had changed from bamboo cages with pebbles in the warring states period to Tang and Song Dynasties,to cast iron and boulder strips in Yuan and Ming Dynasties,to boulder strips in Qing dynasties and the Republic and to reinforced concrete at the present times.The fish-mouth we see today is the result of exploration and improvement through ages.The lessons learned of the fish-mouth project worth summarizing and using for reference.